Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Perinatal complications, lipid peroxidation, and mental health problems in a large community pediatric sample

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Replicated evidence indicates that perinatal complications are associated with increased markers of oxidative stress and with mental health problems in children. However, there are fewer reports on the impact of perinatal complications in later phases of development. We aimed to investigate the estimated effects of perinatal complications on levels of lipid peroxidation and on psychopathology in children and adolescents. The study is part of the High Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders; the population was composed by 554 students, 6–14 years of age. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, were measured by the TBARS method. A household interview with parents and caregivers was conducted and included inquiries about perinatal history, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and parent’s evaluation, using the Mini International Psychiatric Interview (MINI). We created a cumulative risk index, conceptualized as each individual’s cumulative exposure to perinatal complications. Results indicate that perinatal complications were associated with higher levels of TBARS. After adjusting for age, gender, socio-economic status, CBCL total problems score, parental psychopathology, and childhood maltreatment, children exposed to 3 or more perinatal complications had an 26.9% (95% CI 9.9%, 46.6%) increase in TBARS levels, relative to the unexposed group. Exploratory mediation analysis indicated that TBARS levels partially mediated the association between perinatal complications and externalizing problems. In conclusion, an adverse intrauterine and/or early life environment, as proxied by the cumulative exposure to perinatal complications, was independently associated with higher levels of lipid peroxidation in children and adolescents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barker DJ (2007) The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med 261:412–417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Cooper C, Thornburg KL (2008) Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N Engl J Med 359:61–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. D’Onofrio BM, Class QA, Rickert ME, Larsson H, Langstrom N, Lichtenstein P (2013) Preterm birth and mortality and morbidity: a population-based quasi-experimental study. JAMA Psychiatry 70:1231–1240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shalev I, Caspi A, Ambler A, Belsky DW, Chapple S, Cohen HJ, Israel S, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Rivera CD, Sugden K, Williams B, Wolke D, Moffitt TE (2014) Perinatal complications and aging indicators by midlife. Pediatrics 134:e1315–e1323

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Bouret S, Levin BE, Ozanne SE (2015) Gene-environment interactions controlling energy and glucose homeostasis and the developmental origins of obesity. Physiol Rev 95:47–82

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. deRosset L, Strutz KL (2015) Developmental origins of chronic inflammation: a review of the relationship between birth weight and C-reactive protein. Ann Epidemiol 25:539–543

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee YS, Chou YH (2005) Antioxidant profiles in full term and preterm neonates. Chang Gung Med J 28:846–851

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Howlader MZ, Parveen S, Tamanna S, Khan TA, Begum F (2009) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in neonates born to pre-eclamptic mother. J Trop Pediatr 55:363–367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bizon A, Milnerowicz-Nabzdyk E, Zalewska M, Zimmer M, Milnerowicz H (2011) Changes in pro/antioxidant balance in smoking and non-smoking pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Toxicol 32:360–367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ardalic D, Stefanovic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Vujovic A, Spasic S, Spasojevic-Kaliomanvska V, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Mandic-Markovic V, Mikovic Z, Cerovic N (2014) The influence of maternal smoking habits before pregnancy and antioxidative supplementation during pregnancy on oxidative stress status in a non-complicated pregnancy. Adv Clin Exp Med 23:575–583

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ferencz A, Orvos H, Hermesz E (2015) Major differences in the levels of redox status and antioxidant defence markers in the erythrocytes of pre- and full-term neonates with intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Toxicol 53:10–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Negi R, Pande D, Kumar A, Khanna RS, Khanna HD (2012) Evaluation of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in the cord blood of preterm low birth weight neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25:1338–1341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Stanton WR, McGee R, Silva PA (1991) Indices of perinatal complications, family background, child rearing, and health as predictors of early cognitive and motor development. Pediatrics 88:954–959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Flouri E, Kallis C (2007) Adverse life events and psychopathology and prosocial behavior in late adolescence: testing the timing, specificity, accumulation, gradient, and moderation of contextual risk. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:1651–1659

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gustafsson PE, San Sebastian M, Janlert U, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Hammarstrom A (2014) Life-course accumulation of neighborhood disadvantage and allostatic load: empirical integration of three social determinants of health frameworks. Am J Public Health 104:904–910

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Lahat A, Van Lieshout RJ, Saigal S, Boyle MH, Schmidt LA (2015) Small for gestational age and poor fluid intelligence in childhood predict externalizing behaviors among young adults born at extremely low birth weight. Dev Psychopathol 27:181–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Salum GA, Gadelha A, Pan PM, Moriyama TS, Graeff-Martins AS, Tamanaha AC, Alvarenga P, Krieger FV, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Jackowski A, Sato JR, Brietzke E, Polanczyk GV, Brentani H, de Jesus Mari J, Do Rosario MC, Manfro GG, Bressan RA, Mercadante MT, Miguel EC, Rohde LA (2015) High risk cohort study for psychiatric disorders in childhood: rationale, design, methods and preliminary results. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 24:58–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kieling C, Hutz MH, Genro JP, Polanczyk GV, Anselmi L, Camey S, Hallal PC, Barros FC, Victora CG, Menezes AM, Rohde LA (2013) Gene-environment interaction in externalizing problems among adolescents: evidence from the Pelotas 1993 Birth Cohort Study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:298–304

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bernstein DP, Ahluvalia T, Pogge D, Handelsman L (1997) Validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:340–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bordin IA, Rocha MM, Paula CS, Teixeira MC, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Silvares EF (2013) Child behavior checklist (CBCL), Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Teacher’s Report Form (TRF): an overview of the development of the original and Brazilian versions. Cad Saude Publica 29:13–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ivanova MY, Dobrean A, Dopfner M, Erol N, Fombonne E, Fonseca AC, Frigerio A, Grietens H, Hannesdottir H, Kanbayashi Y, Lambert M, Achenbach TM, Larsson B, Leung P, Liu X, Minaei A, Mulatu MS, Novik TS, Oh KJ, Roussos A, Sawyer M, Simsek Z, Dumenci L, Steinhausen HC, Metzke CW, Wolanczyk T, Yang HJ, Zilber N, Zukauskiene R, Verhulst FC, Rescorla LA, Almqvist F, Weintraub S, Bilenberg N, Bird H, Chen WJ (2007) Testing the 8-syndrome structure of the child behavior checklist in 30 societies. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 36:405–417

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wills ED, Wilkinson AE (1966) Release of enzymes from lysosomes by irradiation and the relation of lipid peroxide formation to enzyme release. Biochem J 99:657–666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879–891

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Slopen N, Loucks EB, Appleton AA, Kawachi I, Kubzansky LD, Non AL, Buka S, Gilman SE (2015) Early origins of inflammation: an examination of prenatal and childhood social adversity in a prospective cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 51:403–413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Entringer S, Kumsta R, Hellhammer DH, Wadhwa PD, Wust S (2009) Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial stress and HPA axis regulation in young adults. Horm Behav 55:292–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bosch NM, Riese H, Reijneveld SA, Bakker MP, Verhulst FC, Ormel J, Oldehinkel AJ (2012) Timing matters: long term effects of adversities from prenatal period up to adolescence on adolescents’ cortisol stress response. The TRAILS study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37:1439–1447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Entringer S, Wust S, Kumsta R, Layes IM, Nelson EL, Hellhammer DH, Wadhwa PD (2008) Prenatal psychosocial stress exposure is associated with insulin resistance in young adults. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199(498):e491–e497

    Google Scholar 

  29. Finkel D, Pedersen NL, Berg S, Johansson B (2000) Quantitative genetic analysis of biobehavioral markers of aging in Swedish studies of adult twins. J Aging Health 12:47–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Vitale G, Salvioli S, Franceschi C (2013) Oxidative stress and the ageing endocrine system. Nat Rev Endocrinol 9:228–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Selak MA, Storey BT, Peterside I, Simmons RA (2003) Impaired oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of intrauterine growth-retarded rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E130–E137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Peterside IE, Selak MA, Simmons RA (2003) Impaired oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria in growth-retarded rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E1258–E1266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Simmons RA, Suponitsky-Kroyter I, Selak MA (2005) Progressive accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and decline in mitochondrial function lead to beta-cell failure. J Biol Chem 280:28785–28791

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wender-Ozegowska E, Kozlik J, Biczysko R, Ozegowski S (2004) Changes of oxidative stress parameters in diabetic pregnancy. Free Radic Res 38:795–803

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Falciglia HS, Johnson JR, Sullivan J, Hall CF, Miller JD, Riechmann GC, Falciglia GA (2003) Role of antioxidant nutrients and lipid peroxidation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Perinatol 20:97–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Turpin CA, Sakyi SA, Owiredu WK, Ephraim RK, Anto EO (2015) Association between adverse pregnancy outcome and imbalance in angiogenic regulators and oxidative stress biomarkers in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15:189

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Hsieh TT, Chen SF, Lo LM, Li MJ, Yeh YL, Hung TH (2012) The association between maternal oxidative stress at mid-gestation and subsequent pregnancy complications. Reprod Sci 19:505–512

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ferguson KK, McElrath TF, Chen YH, Loch-Caruso R, Mukherjee B, Meeker JD (2015) Repeated measures of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy and preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 212(208):e201–e208

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hussein MH, Daoud GA, Kakita H, Kato S, Goto T, Kamei M, Goto K, Nobata M, Ozaki Y, Ito T, Fukuda S, Kato I, Suzuki S, Sobajima H, Hara F, Hashimoto T, Togari H (2010) High cerebrospinal fluid antioxidants and interleukin 8 are protective of hypoxic brain damage in newborns. Free Radic Res 44:422–429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Brown NC, Andreazza AC, Young LT (2014) An updated meta-analysis of oxidative stress markers in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 218:61–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Black CN, Bot M, Scheffer PG, Cuijpers P, Penninx BW (2015) Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 51:164–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Flatow J, Buckley P, Miller BJ (2013) Meta-analysis of oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 74:400–409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Cunha GR, Asevedo E, Mansur RB, Zugman A, Pan PM, Gadelha A, Belangero SI, Rizzo LB, Coelho R, Stertz L, Cogo-Moreira H, Grassi-Oliveira R, Teixeira AL, Kauer-Sant’Anna M, Mari JJ, Miguel EC, Bressan RA, Brietzke E (2015) Inflammation, neurotrophism and oxidative stress and childhood psychopathology in a large community sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 133:122–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Coccaro EF, Lee R, Gozal D (2016) Elevated plasma oxidative stress markers in individuals with intermittent explosive disorder and correlation with aggression in humans. Biol Psychiatry 79:127–135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Guney E, Cetin FH, Alisik M, Tunca H, Tas Torun Y, Iseri E, Isik Taner Y, Cayci B, Erel O (2015) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oxidative stress: a short term follow up study. Psychiatry Res 229:310–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lin WM, Chen MH, Wang HC, Lu CH, Chen PC, Chen HL, Tsai NW, Su YJ, Li SH, Kung CT, Chiu TM, Weng HH, Lin WC (2014) Association between peripheral oxidative stress and white matter damage in acute traumatic brain injury. Biomed Res Int 2014:340936

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Versace A, Andreazza AC, Young LT, Fournier JC, Almeida JR, Stiffler RS, Lockovich JC, Aslam HA, Pollock MH, Park H, Nimgaonkar VL, Kupfer DJ, Phillips ML (2014) Elevated serum measures of lipid peroxidation and abnormal prefrontal white matter in euthymic bipolar adults: toward peripheral biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 19:200–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Perez-Cornago A, Lopez-Legarrea P, de la Iglesia R, Lahortiga F, Martinez JA, Zulet MA (2014) Longitudinal relationship of diet and oxidative stress with depressive symptoms in patients with metabolic syndrome after following a weight loss treatment: the RESMENA project. Clin Nutr 33:1061–1067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Mico JA, Arango C, Castro-Fornieles J, Graell M, Paya B, Leza JC, Zorrilla I, Parellada M, Lopez MP, Baeza I, Moreno C, Rapado-Castro M, Gonzalez-Pinto A (2014) Basal low antioxidant capacity correlates with cognitive deficits in early onset psychosis. A 2-year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 156:23–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Perkins DO, Jeffries CD, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Heinssen R (2015) Towards a psychosis risk blood diagnostic for persons experiencing high-risk symptoms: preliminary results from the NAPLS project. Schizophr Bull 41:419–428

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Fraguas D, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Mico JA, Reig S, Parellada M, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, Castro-Fornieles J, Rapado-Castro M, Baeza I, Janssen J, Desco M, Leza JC, Arango C (2012) Decreased glutathione levels predict loss of brain volume in children and adolescents with first-episode psychosis in a two-year longitudinal study. Schizophr Res 137:58–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Black CN, Penninx BW, Bot M, Odegaard AO, Gross MD, Matthews KA, Jacobs DR Jr (2016) Oxidative stress, anti-oxidants and the cross-sectional and longitudinal association with depressive symptoms: results from the CARDIA study. Transl Psychiatry 6:e743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Khoubnasabjafari M, Ansarin K, Jouyban A (2015) Reliability of malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in psychological disorders. Bioimpacts 5:123–127

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. van Winkel R, van Nierop M, Myin-Germeys I, van Os J (2013) Childhood trauma as a cause of psychosis: linking genes, psychology, and biology. Can J Psychiatry 58:44–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jerrell JM, McIntyre RS, Tripathi A (2010) A cohort study of the prevalence and impact of comorbid medical conditions in pediatric bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 71:1518–1525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Stanton WR, McGee RO, Silva PA (1989) A longitudinal study of the interactive effects of perinatal complications and early family adversity on cognitive ability. Aust Paediatr J 25:130–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Foley DL, Thacker LR 2nd, Aggen SH, Neale MC, Kendler KS (2001) Pregnancy and perinatal complications associated with risks for common psychiatric disorders in a population-based sample of female twins. Am J Med Genet 105:426–431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the following Brazilian government agencies: The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Rodrigo B. Mansur, Graccielle R. Cunha, Elson Asevedo, André Zugman, Adiel C. Rios, Giovanni A. Salum, Pedro M. Pan, Ary Gadelha, Mateus L. Levandowski, Síntia I. Belangero, Gisele G. Manfro, Laura Stertz, Márcia Kauer-Sant’anna, Eurípedes C. Miguel, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Jair J. Mari, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira & Elisa Brietzke

  2. PRISMA-Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental Statem, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil

    Rodrigo B. Mansur, Graccielle R. Cunha, Elson Asevedo, André Zugman, Adiel C. Rios, Pedro M. Pan, Ary Gadelha, Síntia I. Belangero, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Jair J. Mari & Elisa Brietzke

  3. Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, MP 9-325, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada

    Rodrigo B. Mansur

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Giovanni A. Salum, Gisele G. Manfro, Laura Stertz & Márcia Kauer-Sant’anna

  5. Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Mateus L. Levandowski & Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira

  6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Translational Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA

    Laura Stertz

  7. Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Eurípedes C. Miguel

Authors
  1. Rodrigo B. Mansur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Graccielle R. Cunha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elson Asevedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. André Zugman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Adiel C. Rios
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Giovanni A. Salum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Pedro M. Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ary Gadelha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Mateus L. Levandowski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Síntia I. Belangero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Gisele G. Manfro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Laura Stertz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Márcia Kauer-Sant’anna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Eurípedes C. Miguel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Rodrigo A. Bressan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Jair J. Mari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Elisa Brietzke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo B. Mansur.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Dr. Mansur has received support from FAPESP, Brazil, and fellowship funding from Lundbeck, Canada. Dr. Pan has received payment for development of educational material for Janssen-Cilag and AstraZeneca and has received meeting payment expenses from Eli Lilly and Co. Dr. Salum is supported by a CAPES/FAPERGS post-doctoral scholarship. Dr. Gadelha has received support from CNPq, Brazil, and has served on the speakers’ bureau and the advisory board for Janssen-Cilag. Dr. Kauer-Sant’Anna has received research grants from CNPq–INCT–TM, CNPq Universal, CAPES, SMRI, NARSAD, Astra–Zeneca, Eli Lilly and FIPE–HCPA. Dr. Bressan has received honoraria and/or consultation fees from AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Ache, and Lundbeck ,and has received research funding from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Novartis, and Roche. He has been a shareholder of Biomolecular Technology Ltd. He is affiliated with the Schizophrenia Program at Federal University of São Paulo, which has received unrestricted educational and research support from the following pharmaceutical companies in the last three years: Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, and Lundbeck. Dr. Brietzke has received support from CNPq, FAPESP, and CAPES, Brazil, as well as and from L’Oeal/UNESCO/Brazilian Academy of Sciences For Women in Science Fellowship and has served as an advisor of Janssen-Cilag. Dr. Grassi-Oliveira, Dr. Cunha, Dr. Asevedo, Dr. Zugman, Dr. Rios, Dr. Rizzo, Dr. Manfro, Dr. Belangero, Dr. Stertz, Dr. Levandowski, and Dr. Mari report no biomedical financial interests and potential conflicts of interests.

Ethical standards

Written informed consent was provided by all parents of participants, and verbal assent was obtained from all children. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo (IORG0004884) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All families were invited for an appointment with a trained psychologist and social worker, in case they were interested in receiving the results of the study evaluation. All children identified as being under the need of care were referred for clinical evaluation. Situations involving serious risk of physical or psychological harm received special attention in accordance to competent authorities’ guidelines.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mansur, R.B., Cunha, G.R., Asevedo, E. et al. Perinatal complications, lipid peroxidation, and mental health problems in a large community pediatric sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26, 521–529 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0914-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0914-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation