Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Biological response to endodontic treatment in one versus two-visit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

  • Review
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To perform a systematic review of animal studies that compared the histopathological characteristics between teeth with apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment in one or two visits.

Materials and methods

This systematic review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) – CRD42022340849. Studies were collected from PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, Livivo, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library and manual and gray literature searches. Animal studies that evaluated histological characteristics after endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis in one or two visits were included. Risk of bias analysis of the included studies was performed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Data synthesis of the included studies with quantitative data was performed, and meta-analysis was conducted with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, using the random effects model and odds ratio (OR).

Results

Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (Kappa = 0.891). Meta-analyses indicated values in inflammatory infiltrate intensity with effect size of 5.5% (95% CI: 0.020–0.148; p < 0.001), periodontal ligament thickness: 25.6% (95% CI: 0.134–0.487; p < 0.001), dentin resorption: 13% (95% CI: 0.015–1.141; p = 0.066), cementum resorption: 7.1% (95% CI: 0.015–0.325; p = 0.001), bone resorption: 1.4% (95% CI: 0.002–0.130; p < 0.001), mineralized tissue resorption: 42.8% (95% CI: 0.110–1.671; p = 0.222), biological apical sealing: 13.1% (95% CI: 0.055–0.314; p < 0.001), and presence of microorganisms: 10.3% (95% CI: 0.014–0.747; p = 0.025).

Conclusions

When considering animal studies, the two-visit endodontic treatment, using calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication, resulted in better biological repair characteristics.

Clinical relevance

A two-visit endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication yields superior histopathological outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data is provided within the manuscript of supplementary information files.

References

  1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ (1965) The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 20:340–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(65)90166-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nair PNR (2006) On the causes of persistent apical periodontitis: a review. Int Endod J 39:249–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01099.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Márton IJ, Kiss C (2000) Protective and destructive immune reactions in apical periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 15:139–150. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150301.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN (2008) Clinical implications and Microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod 34:1291–1301. .e3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Byström A, Happonen R, Sjögren U, Sundqvist G (1987) Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent Traumatol 3:58–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00543.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sjögren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G (1997) Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 30:297–306. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1997.00092.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Siqueira JF Jr, Magalhães KM, Rôças IN (2007) Bacterial reduction in infected Root canals treated with 2.5% NaOCl as an Irrigant and Calcium Hydroxide/Camphorated Paramonochlorophenol Paste as an Intracanal Dressing. J Endod 33:667–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Estrela C, Bammann LL, Pimenta FC, Pécora JD (2001) Control of microorganisms in vitro by calcium hydroxide pastes. Int Endod J 34:341–345. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00368.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Holland R, Otobonifilho J, Desouza V et al (2003) A comparison of one Versus two appointment endodontic therapy in Dogs’ teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod 29:121–124. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200302000-00009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Siqueira JF Jr, Paiva SSM, Rôças IN (2007) Reduction in the Cultivable bacterial populations in infected Root canals by a chlorhexidine-based Antimicrobial Protocol. J Endod 33:541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Zargar N, Marashi MA, Ashraf H et al (2019) Identification of microorganisms in persistent/secondary endodontic infections with respect to clinical and radiographic findings: bacterial culture and molecular detection. Iran J Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1073

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Trope M, Delano EO, Ørstavik D (1999) Endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: single vs. multivisit treatment. J Endod 25:345–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81169-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Su Y, Wang C, Ye L (2011) Healing Rate and Post-obturation Pain of single- versus multiple-visit Endodontic Treatment for Infected Root canals: a systematic review. J Endod 37:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.09.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer HH (2005) Effectiveness of single-versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 38:347–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00955.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Manfredi M, Figini L, Gagliani M, Lodi G (2016) Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005296.pub3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Barthel C, Zimmer S, Trope M (2004) Relationship of Radiologic and histologic signs of inflammation in Human Root-filled Teeth. J Endod 30:75–79. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200402000-00003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L (2015) Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J 48:933–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Hooijmans CR, Rovers MM, de Vries RB et al (2014) SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 26:14:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Machado ME, de Gomes L, Mantesso CC, A., Souza ADS (2009) Avaliação da reparação pós-tratamento endodôntico de dentes de cães em sessão única ou empregando curativos de demora. Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent. 2009 63(2), 98–102

  21. Silveira AMV, Lopes HP, Siqueira JF Jr et al (2007) Periradicular repair after two-visit endodontic treatment using two different intracanal medications compared to single-visit endodontic treatment. Braz Dent J 18:299–304. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000400005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Leonardo MR, Hernandez MEFT, Silva LAB, Tanomaru-Filho M (2006) Effect of a calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressing on periapical repair in dogs: a histological study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102:680–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.03.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. de Paula-Silva FWG, Júnior MS, Leonardo MR et al (2009) Cone-beam computerized tomographic, radiographic, and histologic evaluation of periapical repair in dogs’ post-endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108:796–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.06.016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. De Rossi A, Silva LAB, Leonardo MR et al (2005) Effect of rotary or manual instrumentation, with or without a calcium hydroxide/1% chlorhexidine intracanal dressing, on the healing of experimentally induced chronic periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 99:628–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.07.018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Paula-Silva FWG, da Silva LAB, Kapila YL (2010) Matrix Metalloproteinase expression in teeth with apical periodontitis is differentially modulated by the modality of Root Canal Treatment. J Endod 36:231–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.030

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Tanomarufilho M, Leonardo M, Bezerradasilva L (2002) Effect of Irrigating Solution and Calcium Hydroxide Root Canal dressing on the repair of Apical and Periapical Tissues of Teeth with Periapical Lesion. J Endod 28:295–299. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200204000-00009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Leonardo MR, Almeida WA, Bezerra da Silva LA, Utrilla LS (1995) Histopathological observations of periapical repair in teeth with radiolucent areas submitted to two different methods of root canal treatment. J Endod 21:137–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80439-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Katebzadeh N, Hupp J, Trope M (1999) Histological periapical repair after obturation of infected root canals in dogs. J Endod 25:364–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81173-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hidalgo LR, da Silva C, Nelson-Filho LAB P, et al (2016) Comparison between one-session root canal treatment with aPDT and two-session treatment with calcium hydroxide-based antibacterial dressing, in dog’s teeth with apical periodontitis. Lasers Med Sci 31:1481–1491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2014-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cintra LTA (2008) Análise histológica e radiográfica da influência de substâncias químicas auxiliares e medicação intracanal no processo de reparo periapical em dentes de cães. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

  31. Liévana FS (2018) Efeito do Curativo de Demora com EGCG, Derivada do Chá Verde, na Lesão Periapical em Cães. Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo

  32. Huamán SAD (2018) Eficácia de um novo protocolo de tratamento endodôntico em sessão única. Estudo radiográfico e histopatológico em dentes de cães com lesões periapicais induzidas. Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo

  33. Otoboni Filho JA (2000) Processo de reparo de dentes de cães com lesão periapical após tratamento endodôntico em uma ou duas sessões. Influência do tempo de curativo de demora e do tipo de material obturador. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual Paulista

  34. Silva RF (2004) Influência do curativo de demora à base de hidróxido de cálcio na reparação dos tecidos apicais e periapicais de dentes sem vitalidade pulpar com ou sem lesão periapical visível radiograficamente: estudo histopatológico em dentes de cães. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual Paulista

  35. César CAS (2003) Efeito do curativo de demora à base de hidróxido de cálcio na reparação apical e periapical, pós-tratamento de canais radiculares de dentes de cães com necrose pulpar e reação periapical crônica induzida. Análise histopatológica. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual Paulista

  36. Lopes ZMS (2018) Terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana no tratamento endodôntico em dentes de cães com lesão periapical induzida - Análise histopatológica e imunohistoquímica. Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo

  37. Holland R, Scares IJ, Scares IM (1992) Influence of irrigation and intracanal dressing on the healing process of dogs’ teeth with apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol 8:223–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1992.tb00248.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Domingues-Falqueiro LM, Ferreira J, Lopes FM et al (2007) The effect of timing temporary cements to treat induced pulp necrosis in the teeth of dogs. Pesq Vet Bras 27:85–88. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2007000200006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Paula-Silva FWG, Arnez MFM, de Campos Chaves Lamarque G et al (2021) Osteoclast formation, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are downregulated in bone repair following root canal treatment in dogs teeth. Clin Oral Investig 25:4699–4707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03784-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pinheiro Junior EC (2017) Análise da eficácia de três protocolos terapêuticos no processo de revitalização de canais radiculares: estudo histológico em dentes de cães com ápices formados, polpa necrosada e lesão periapical. Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

  41. de Castro Rizzi-Maia C, Maia-Filho EM, Segato RA et al (2016) Single vs two-session Root Canal treatment: a preliminary Randomized Clinical Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 17:515–521. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1882

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Schwendicke F, Göstemeyer G (2016) Cost-effectiveness of single- Versus Multistep Root Canal Treatment. J Endod 42:1446–1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.06.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ricucci D, Siqueira JF Jr, Bate AL, Pitt Ford TR (2009) Histologic investigation of Root Canal–treated teeth with apical periodontitis: a retrospective study from twenty-four patients. J Endod 35:493–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.12.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wu M, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR (2009) Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment. Int Endod J 42:656–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01600.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Estrela C, Bueno MR, Leles CR et al (2008) Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and panoramic and Periapical Radiography for Detection of Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 34:273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.11.023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. López FU, Kopper PMP, Cucco C et al (2014) Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography and Periapical Radiography in apical Periodontitis diagnosis. J Endod 40:2057–2060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Ricucci D, Lin LM, Spångberg LSW (2009) Wound healing of apical tissues after root canal therapy: a long-term clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic observation study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108:609–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.028

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Vera J, Siqueira JF Jr, Ricucci D et al (2012) One- versus two-visit Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with apical periodontitis: a histobacteriologic study. J Endod 38:1040–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Torabinejad M (1994) Mediators of acute and chronic periradicular lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78:511–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(94)90046-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Rowe AHR, Binnie WH (1974) Correlation between Radiological and histological inflammatory changes following Root Canal Treatment. Int Endod J 7:57–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1974.tb01122.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Barbosa-Ribeiro M, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, de-Jesus-Soares A et al (2018) Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication on infectious/inflammatory contents in teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 23:2759–2766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2719-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Stashenko P (1990) The role of immune cytokines in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. Endod Dent Traumatol 6:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00400.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Buck R, Cai J, Eleazer P et al (2001) Detoxification of Endotoxin by Endodontic irrigants and Calcium Hydroxide. J Endod 27:325–327. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200105000-00003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Tanomaru JMG, Leonardo MR, Tanomaru Filho M et al (2003) Effect of different irrigation solutions and calcium hydroxide on bacterial LPS. Int Endod J 36:733–739. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00717.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sousa ELR, Martinho FC, Nascimento GG et al (2014) Quantification of endotoxins in infected Root canals and Acute apical abscess exudates: monitoring the effectiveness of Root Canal procedures in the reduction of endotoxins. J Endod 40:177–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fava LRG, Saunders WP (1999) Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 32:257–282. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00232.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Farhad A, Mohammadi Z (2005) Calcium hydroxide: a review. Int Dent J 55:293–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00326.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Stamos DG, Haasch GC, Gerstein H (1985) The pH of local anesthetic/calcium hydroxide solutions. J Endod 11:264–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(85)80182-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Seltzer S, Soltanoff W, Sinai I et al (2004) Biologic aspects of Endodontics Part III. Periapical tissue reactions to Root Canal Instrumentation. J Endod 30:491–499. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200407000-00008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Paula-Silva FWG, Ghosh A, Arzate H et al (2010) Calcium hydroxide promotes cementogenesis and induces cementoblastic differentiation of Mesenchymal Periodontal Ligament Cells in a CEMP1- and ERK-Dependent manner. Calcif Tissue Int 87:144–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-010-9368-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mizuno M, Banzai Y (2008) Calcium ion release from calcium hydroxide stimulated fibronectin gene expression in dental pulp cells and the differentiation of dental pulp cells to mineralized tissue forming cells by fibronectin. Int Endod J 41:933–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01420.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hooijmans CR, IntHout J, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Rovers MM (2014) Meta-analyses of Animal studies: an introduction of a Valuable Instrument to further Improve Healthcare. ILAR J 55:418–426. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilu042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Holland R, Sant’anna Júnior A, de Souza V et al (2005) Influence of apical patency and filling material on healing process of dogs’ teeth with vital pulp after root canal therapy. Braz Dent J 16:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000100002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Funding

This study was funded by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, CAPES (88887.654203/2021-00).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Vila Universitária, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brizolla 9-75, SP, Bauru, CEP: 17012-901, Brazil

    Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto, Stefani Jovedi Rosa, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Murilo Priori Alcalde & Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte

  2. Department of Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo – USP, Bauru, Brazil

    Thais de Moraes Souza & Heitor Marques Honório

Authors
  1. Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thais de Moraes Souza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stefani Jovedi Rosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Murilo Priori Alcalde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Heitor Marques Honório
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte and Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto contributed to the conceptualization. Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto, Thais de Moraes Souza, Heitor Marques Honório and Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte contributed to the methodology. Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Stefani Jovedi Rosa and Thais de Moraes Souza contributed to the investigation. Murilo Priori Alcalde, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, and Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte contributed to the formal analysis. Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto and Stefani Jovedi Rosa contributed to data curation. Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto, Thais de Moraes Souza, and Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte wrote and prepared the original draft. Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, and Murilo Priori Alcalde contributed to the review and editing of the study report. Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte and Heitor Marques Honório contributed to supervision. Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte and Heitor Marques Honório contributed to project administration. Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte contributed to funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not Applicable.

Informed consent

Not Applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Material 1

Supplementary Material 2

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Oliveira Neto, R.S., Souza, T.d., Rosa, S.J. et al. Biological response to endodontic treatment in one versus two-visit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Clin Oral Invest 28, 173 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05571-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05571-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation