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Thermographic examination of gingival phenotypes: correlation between morphological and thermal parameters

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical and thermographic aspects of the gingival phenotype (GP) in healthy subjects.

Materials and methods

The study sample examined 264 teeth, upper and lower incisors, comprising 132 central incisors (CI) and 132 lateral incisors (LI), in 33 healthy volunteers. Four periodontal parameters were recorded systematically: ratio of width to length of the dental crown (CW/CL), height of the gingival attachment (KGW), probing depth (PD), and gingival transparency (GT). The temperatures of the attached gingiva (KGW temp) and the free gingival margin (FGM Temp) were also recorded by way of infrared thermography (IRT).

Results

The average age of the sample was 30.70 ± 7.65 years. Of the 264 teeth evaluated, 76.1% had a thin GP. There was a significant association between CW/CL (p < 0.001), KGW (p < 0.001), PD (p < 0.007), and FGM Temp (p < 0.006) with the tooth groups. The results show a significant and inversely proportional correlation between clinical parameters and gingival temperature (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between CW/CL (p < 0.026); KGW (p < 0.001); and GP.

Conclusion

CW/CL, KGW, PD, and FGM Temp vary according to tooth group. The majority of the sample presented with the thin GP, which was more prevalent in the lower LIs and CIs. No significant association could be observed between thermographic parameters and GP.

Clinical relevance

Knowledge of the temperature of the gingival tissues can be useful in helping to diagnose and plan periodontal treatments. Moreover, our findings will help future studies evaluate the use of IR as an auxiliary diagnostic method in dentistry, eliminating GP as a confounding factor, since it does not seem to influence the temperature of the gingival tissues.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the conclusions of this study are available in the article and from the corresponding author, N.B.M., upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was financed by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil

    Niebla Bezerra de Melo, Lígia Natália Sobreira Duarte, Camila Maia Vieira Pereira, Jussara da Silva Barbosa, Ariane Matos Gonçalves da Silva, Renata de Souza Coelho Soares & Patrícia Meira Bento

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  1. Niebla Bezerra de Melo
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Contributions

N.B.M., R.S.C.S., and P.M.B conceived and designed of study; N.B.M., L.N.S.D., and C.M.V.P. acquired of clinical data; N.B.M., J.S.B., and A.M.G.S. analyzed and interpreted of data collected; N.B.M., R.S.C.S, and P.M.B. drew of article and critical revision; N.B.M. and P.M.B and all authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Niebla Bezerra de Melo.

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The present study was approved by the local committee of ethics in research under the protocol number: CAAE 40371920.1.0000.5187. A signed written informed consent form was obtained from each patient sampled in this study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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All the ethical precepts of research in Brazil have been complied with in accordance with article 14, chapter II of Resolution 466/12, having been submitted for the evaluation of the research ethics committee.

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Bezerra de Melo, N., Sobreira Duarte, L.N., Maia Vieira Pereira, C. et al. Thermographic examination of gingival phenotypes: correlation between morphological and thermal parameters. Clin Oral Invest 27, 7705–7714 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05361-z

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