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Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and aging on topography, C. albicans adherence, and flexural strength of ultra-translucent zirconia: an in situ study

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Abstract

Objective

To investigate the influence of different finishing/polishing techniques and in situ aging on the flexural strength (σ), surface roughness, and Candida albicans adherence of 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (ultratranslucent zirconia).

Materials and methods

A total of 120 zirconia bars (Prettau Anterior, Zirkonzahn) with dimensions of 8 × 2 × 0.5 mm were divided into 8 groups (n = 15) according to two factors: “in situ aging” (non-aged and aged (A)) and “finishing/polishing” (control (C), diamond rubber polishing (R), coarse grit diamond bur abrasion (B), and coarse grit diamond bur abrasion + diamond rubber polishing (BR)). Half of the samples from each group were subjected to a 60-day in situ aging by fixing the bars into cavities prepared in the posterior region of the base of complete or partial dentures of 15 patients. The samples were then subjected to the mini flexural (σ) test (1 mm/min). A total of 40 zirconia blocks (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were prepared and subjected to roughness (Ra) analyses and fungal adherence and complementary analyses (X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). The data of mean σ (MPa) and roughness Ra (μm) were statistically analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey’s test. The Weibull analysis was performed for σ data. The fungal adhesion (Log CFU/mL) data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

For flexural resistance, the “finishing/polishing” factor was statistically significant (P = 0.0001); however, the “in situ aging” factor (P = 0.4458) was not significant. The non-aged (507.3 ± 115.7 MPa) and aged (487.6 ± 118.4 MPa) rubber polishing groups exhibited higher mean σ than the other techniques. The non-aged (260.2 ± 43.3 MPa) and aged (270.1 ± 48.8 MPa) bur abrasion groups presented lower σ. The coarse-grit diamond bur abrasion group (1.82 ± 0.61 µm) presented the highest roughness value (P = 0.001). Cell adhesion was not different among groups (P = 0.053). Group B presented the most irregular surface and the highest roughness Ra of 0.61 m.

Conclusions

The finishing of ultratranslucent zirconia might be preferably done with a diamond rubber polisher. Moreover, the protocols used did not interfere with Candida albicans adhesion.

Clinical relevance

Coarse-grit diamond burs might be avoided for finishing ultratranslucent monolithic zirconia, which might be preferably performed with a diamond rubber polisher.

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Acknowledgements

This study was based on a Master of Science thesis submitted to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil. The authors thank Vagner (São Paulo, Brazil) and LTN Laboratories (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) for providing the ceramic materials used in the study.

Funding

This study was partly funded by the Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)—Grant Code 001. YZ would like to thank the United States National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research for their support (grants No. R01 DE026772 and R01 DE026279).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Science Center, Department of Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, nº 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil

    Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho, Nathalia Ramos da Silva, Aretha Heitor Veríssimo & Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza

  2. Department of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Av. Governador Agamenon Magalhães, S/N- Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, 50100-010, Brazil

    Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova

  3. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Campus I - Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58033-455 , Brazil

    Leopoldina de Fatima Dantas de Almeida

  4. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco Jose Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil

    Renata Marques de Melo

  5. School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Yu Zhang

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  1. Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
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Correspondence to Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee—HUOL (No. 3.133.187).

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de Carvalho, I.H.G., da Silva, N.R., Vila-Nova, T.E.L. et al. Effect of finishing/polishing techniques and aging on topography, C. albicans adherence, and flexural strength of ultra-translucent zirconia: an in situ study. Clin Oral Invest 26, 889–900 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04068-3

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