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Systemic and local effects of radiotherapy: an experimental study on implants placed in rats

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Abstract

Objectives

Evaluate the modulating effect of ionizing radiation, blood cytokine levels, and bone remodeling of the interface around the implant to understand the radiation mechanisms which can impair the implants receptor site.

Material and methods

Sixty rats were submitted to grade V titanium implants in the femurs and were divided into the following groups: no-irradiation (N-Ir): control group with implant only; early-irradiation (E-Ir): implant + irradiation after 24 h; late-irradiation (L-Ir): implant + irradiation after 4 weeks; and previous-irradiation (P-Ir): irradiation + implant after 4 weeks. The animals in the E-Ir, L-Ir, and P-Ir groups were irradiated in two fractional stages of 15 Gy. At 3 days, 2 weeks, and 7 weeks after the final procedure, five animals were randomly euthanized per group. Serum levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, M-CSF, and IL-10 were measured from blood collected prior to euthanasia using the ELISA test. The pieces containing the implants were subjected to immunohistochemical labeling using the tartrate acid resistant to phosphatase, osteocalcin, and caspase-3 markers and mCT. The ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis, and the Tukey multiple comparison test (p < 0.05) was applied.

Results

The results indicated that ionizing radiation modifies the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines, the expression of proteins involved in bone remodeling and cellular apoptosis, as well as changes in bone formation.

Conclusions

The results suggests that a longer period between radiotherapy and implant placement surgery when irradiation occurs prior to implant installation would allow the recovery and renewal of bone cells and avoid future failures in osseointegration.

Clinical relevance

The search for modifications caused by ionizing irradiation in bone tissue can indicate the ideal period for implant placement without affecting the osseointegration process.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. Odair Lelis Gonçalez and all of the Institute of Advanced Studies technical team, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil for assistance during irradiation of the rats. The authors are also thankful for technical support by Mr. Walter Cruz for his help with histhological procedures and tissue preparations and the Department of Bioscience and Diagnosis team, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. We are extremely grateful to Emfils Comércio Produtos Odontológicos® for the free donation of the implants used in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Process 2015/24986-8, 2016/19707-5, 2017/00543-5, and 2017/04389-0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil

    Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian, Bruno César Almeida Costa, Gabriela de Fátima Santana-Melo, Fernanda Herrera Costa Godoi, Estela Kaminagakura, Renata Falchete do Prado, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Rafael Marques Neves & Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos

  2. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Rubens Nisie Tango

  3. Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Institute of Advanced Studies, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Claudio Antonio Federico

  4. Graduated student of Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Sarah de Oliveira Marco Avelino

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  1. Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian or Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos.

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This project was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (CEUA, Protocol 003/2016) of the Institute of Science and Technology of the Campus of Sao Jose dos Campos/UNESP and was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles adopted by the Brazilian National Animal Care Ethical Council (CONCEA).

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da Cruz Vegian, M.R., Costa, B.C.A., de Fátima Santana-Melo, G. et al. Systemic and local effects of radiotherapy: an experimental study on implants placed in rats. Clin Oral Invest 24, 785–797 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02946-5

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