Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Experimental study on water entry of circular cylinders with inclined angles

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Marine Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of experimental studies have been carried out on water entry of three-dimensional circular cylinders for low Froude numbers. In our previous paper (Wei and Hu J Mar Sci Technol, 1:1–13, 2014), the results on horizontal circular cylinders have been reported, describing several typical three-dimensional water entry phenomena and discussing the effect of length-to-diameter ratios. In this paper, the results on inclined circular cylinders are presented. The emphasis of the study is paid on the effect of inclined angles. The effects of density ratio and length-to-diameter ratio are also considered. Translational and rotational motions of the cylinder are obtained from the image analysis of the video records by a high-speed digital camera. The lift force, drag force and torque on the cylinder are then estimated using the cylinder motions. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are carried out on the experimental results. The major observations of this study are: (1) the cylinder with lower inclined angle experiences larger maximum drag force; (2) due to initial impact, the cylinder moves along a curved trajectory in water as a result of spin-induced lift force; (3) the inclined angle also makes the surface of cylinder relatively more hydrophilic; (4) when the cavity collapses, a sudden change of the trajectories and forces appears due to the free surface impinging on the cylinder.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  1. Wei ZY, Hu CH (2014) An experimental study on water entry of horizontal cylinders. J Mar Sci Technol 1:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  2. May A, Woodhull JC (1948) Drag coefficients of steel spheres entering water vertically. J Appl Phys 19:1109–1121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. May A, Woodhull JC (1950) The virtual mass of a sphere entering water vertically. J Appl Phys 21:1285–1289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Richardson EG (1948) The impact of a solid on a liquid surface. Proc Phys Soc 4:352–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. May A (1951) Effect of surface condition of a sphere on its water-entry cavity. J Appl Phys 22:1219–1222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. May A (1952) Vertical entry of missiles into water. J Appl Phys 23:1362–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. May A (1975) Water entry and the cavity-running behaviour of missiles. Final. Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory, Silver Springs, MD

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wagner H (1948) Planning of watercraft. NACA TM 1139

  9. Greenhow M (1988) Water entry and exit of a horizontal circular cylinder. Appl Ocean Res 10(4):191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Piro DJ, Maki KJ (2013) Hydroelastic analysis of bodies that enter and exit water. J Fluids Struct 37:134–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Khabakhpasheva T, Korobkin A (2013) Elastic wedge impact onto a liquid surface: Wagner’s solution and approximate models. J Fluids Struct 36:32–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. von Karman T (1929) The impact of seaplane floats during landing. NACA TN 321, October, Washington

  13. Rosellini L, Hersen F, Clanet C, Bocquet L (2005) Skipping stones. J Fluid Mech 543:137–146

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Glasheen JW, McMahon TA (1996) Vertical water entry of disks at low Froude numbers. Phys Fluids 8:2078–2083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ueda Y, Uemura T, Iguchi M (2010) Entry of inclined hydrophobic and hydrophilic circular cylinders into water. J Visual 14:7–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Worthington AM, Cole RS (1897) Impact with a liquid surface, studied by the aid of instantaneous photography. Phil. Trans R Soc Lond Ser A (Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character) 189:137–148

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Abelson HI (1970) Pressure measurements in the water-entry cavity. J Fluid Mech 44:129–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Greenhow M, Lin WM (1983) Nonlinear free surface effects: experiment and theory. Rep. 83–19. Dept. Ocean Engineering, MIT

  19. Truscott TT, Techet AH (2009) Water-entry of spinning spheres. J Fluid Mech 625:135–165

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Techet AH, Truscott TT (2011) Water entry of spinning hydrophobic and hydrophilic spheres. J Fluids Struct 27:716–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Truscott TT, Epps BP, Techet AH (2012) Unsteady forces on spheres during free-surface water entry. J Fluid Mech 704:173–210

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Truscott TT, Epps BP, Belden Jesse (2013) Water Entry of Projectiles. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 46:355–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cointe R, Armand JL (1987) Hydrodynamic impact analysis of a cylinder. J Offshore Mech Arct Eng 109:237–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Oliver JM (2007) Second-order Wagner theory for two-dimensional water-entry problems at small deadrise angles. J Fluid Mech 572:59–85

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Wagner H (1932) Uber Stoss-und Gleitvorgange an der Oberfluche von Flussigkeiten. Z Angew Math Mech 12:193–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lin MC, Shieh LD (1997) Simultaneous measurements of water impact on a two-dimensional body. Fluid Dyn Res 19:125–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sun H, Faltinsen OM (2006) Water impact of horizontal circular cylinders and cylindrical shells. Appl Ocean Res 28(5):299–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhu X, Faltinsen OM, Hu CH (2007) Water entry and exit of a horizontal circular cylinder. J Offshore Mech Arct Eng 129:253–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wei ZY, Shi XH (2012) Evolution of three-dimensional cavitation formed by the water entry of an inclined cylinder. Theor Appl Mech Lett 2:022002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Raffel M, Willert C, Willert CE, Kompenhans S (1998) Particle image velocimetry. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  31. Epps BP, Truscott TT, Techet AH (2010) Evaluating derivatives of experimental data using smoothing splines. In: 3rd Mathematical methods in engineering international symposium (MME’10), Coimbra, Portugal, October 21–24

  32. Enriquez OR, Peters IR, Gekle S, Schmidt LE, van der Meer D, Versluis M, Lohse D (2010) Collapse of nonaxisymmetric cavities. Phys Fluids 22(9):091104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Enriquez OR, Peters IR, Gekle S, Schmidt LE, Lohse D, van der Meer D (2012) Collapse and pinch-off of a non-axisymmetric impact-created air cavity in water. J Fluid Mech 701:40–58

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Duez C, Ybert C, Clanet C, Bocquet L (2007) Making a splash with water repellency. Nat Phys 3:180–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University for supporting this study. The authors would also like to acknowledge Mr. Makoto Yasunaga, Dr. Sueyoshi Makoto, and are grateful for their help in designing and installing the experimental setup.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Zhaoyu Wei

  2. Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan

    Changhong Hu

Authors
  1. Zhaoyu Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Changhong Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Changhong Hu.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wei, Z., Hu, C. Experimental study on water entry of circular cylinders with inclined angles. J Mar Sci Technol 20, 722–738 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-015-0326-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-015-0326-1

Keywords