Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während das klassische Hodgkin Lymphom (HL) mit risikoadaptierter Erstlinientherapie in den meisten Fällen heilbar ist, stellt v. a. die Therapie von Patient*innen mit rezidiviertem oder primär refraktärem (r/r) HL weiterhin eine Herausforderung dar.
Methoden
Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel diskutiert die aktuell verfügbaren Daten zu Sicherheit und Effektivität neuerer Therapieansätze bei r/r-HL aus einer praxisorientierten Perspektive.
Ergebnisse
Bei für eine intensivierte Therapie geeigneten Patient*innen kann in etwa 50 % der Fälle mit einer polychemotherapiebasierten Salvage-Therapie und anschließender Hochdosischemotherapie mit autologer Stammzelltransplantation (ASZT) eine dauerhafte Remission erreicht werden. Durch die Zulassung zielgerichteter Substanzen haben auch Patient*innen mit mehrfach rezidivierten oder refraktären Tumoren, ältere oder multimorbide Patient*innen mittlerweile mehrere Therapieoptionen. Neben dem Anti-CD30-Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Brentuximab-Vedotin (BV) kommen hier zunehmend die beiden Anti-PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab und Pembrolizumab als Immuncheckpointinhibitoren zum Einsatz. Die Anti-PD-1-Antikörper werden auch in früheren Therapielinien eingesetzt; so wurde z. B. mit Pembrolizumab in einer internationalen Phase-III-Studie im Vergleich zu BV bei vergleichbaren Ansprechraten ein signifikant längeres progressionsfreies Überleben (PFS) erreicht. Die Therapielandschaft des r/r-HL befindet sich im raschen Wandel, und vielversprechende zielgerichtete Substanzen wie das Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Camidanlumab-Tesirin, neue Checkpointinhibitoren sowie CAR-T-Zellen werden aktuell in Studien erprobt.
Schlussfolgerung
Durch rationalen Einsatz der verfügbaren Therapieansätze ist eine verbesserte Prognose für Patient*innen mit mehrfach r/r-HL absehbar.
Abstract
Background
While classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is curable in most cases with risk-adapted first-line therapy, the treatment of patients with relapsed or primary refractory (r/r) HL in particular remains a challenge.
Methods
This review article discusses the currently available data on the safety and efficacy of newer therapeutic approaches for r/r HL from a practice-oriented perspective.
Results
In patients suitable for intensified therapy, durable remission can be achieved in approximately 50% of cases with polychemotherapy-based salvage followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). With the approval of targeted agents, even multiply relapsed, refractory, elderly, or multimorbid patients now have multiple treatment options. In addition to the anti-CD30 antibody–drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV), the two anti-PD1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab are increasingly being used here as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The anti-PD1 antibodies are also used in earlier lines of therapy, e.g., significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS), was achieved with pembrolizumab in an international phase III trial compared to BV with comparable response rates. The therapeutic landscape of r/r HL is rapidly changing and additional promising targeted agents such as the antibody–drug conjugate camidanlumab tesirine, different checkpoint inhibitors, and anti-CD30 CAR T cells are currently being tested in trials.
Conclusions
Rational use of available therapeutic approaches is expected to improve the prognosis of patients with multiple r/r HL.


Literatur
Chohan K, Ansell SM (2022) Current salvage therapies in hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2021.2024819
Bröckelmann PJ, Müller H, Gillessen S, Yang X, Koeppel L, Pilz V, Marinello P, Kaskel P, Raut M, Fuchs M, Borchmann P, Engert A, von Tresckow B (2022) Clinical outcomes of relapsed and refractory hodgkin lymphoma patients after contemporary first-line treatment: A german hodgkin study group analysis. Leukemia 36:772–780
Bröckelmann PJ, McMullen S, Wilson JB, Mueller K, Goring S, Stamatoullas A, Zagadailov E, Gautam A, Huebner D, Dalal M, Illidge T (2018) Patient and physician preferences for first-line treatment of classical hodgkin lymphoma in germany, france and the united kingdom. Br J Haematol 184:202–214
Brockelmann PJ, Muller H, Casasnovas O, Hutchings M, von Tresckow B, Jurgens M, McCall SJ, Morschhauser F, Fuchs M, Borchmann P, Moskowitz CH, Engert A (2017) Risk factors and a prognostic score for survival after autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol 28:1352–1358
Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, Sieber M, Carella AM, Haenel M, Boissevain F, Zschaber R, Muller P, Kirchner H, Lohri A, Decker S, Koch B, Hasenclever D, Goldstone AH, Diehl V (2002) Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive hodgkin’s disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 359:2065–2071
Josting A, Muller H, Borchmann P, Baars JW, Metzner B, Dohner H, Aurer I, Smardova L, Fischer T, Niederwieser D, Schafer-Eckart K, Schmitz N, Sureda A, Glossmann J, Diehl V, DeJong D, Hansmann ML, Raemaekers J, Engert A (2010) Dose intensity of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 28:5074–5080
Moskowitz AJ, Schoder H, Yahalom J, McCall SJ, Fox SY, Gerecitano J, Grewal R, Hamlin PA, Horwitz S, Kobos R, Kumar A, Matasar M, Noy A, Palomba ML, Perales MA, Portlock CS, Sauter C, Shukla N, Steinherz P, Straus D, Trippett T, Younes A, Zelenetz A, Moskowitz CH (2015) Pet-adapted sequential salvage therapy with brentuximab vedotin followed by augmented ifosamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for patients with relapsed and refractory hodgkin’s lymphoma: A non-randomised, open-label, single-centre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 16:284–292
Advani R, Moskowitz AJ, Bartlett NL, Vose J, Ramchandren R, Feldman T, LaCasce AS, Christian B, Ansell SM, Moskowitz CH, Brown L, Zhang C, Taft D, Ansari S, Sacchi M, Ho L, Herrera AF (2021) Brentuximab vedotin in combination with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: 3‑year study results. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020009178
Kersten MJ, Driessen J, Zijlstra JM, Plattel WJ, Morschhauser F, Lugtenburg PJ, Brice P, Hutchings M, Gastinne T, Liu R, Burggraaff CN, Nijland M, Tonino SH, Arens AIJ, Valkema R, van Tinteren H, Lopez-Yurda M, Diepstra A, De Jong D, Hagenbeek A (2020) Combining brentuximab vedotin with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin as salvage treatment in relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: The phase ii hovon/llpc transplant brave study. Haematologica. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2019.243238
Bröckelmann PJ, Goergen H, Kohnhorst C, Tresckow BV, Moccia A, Markova J, Meissner J, Kerkhoff A, Ludwig W‑D, Fuchs M, Borchmann P, Engert A (2017) Late relapse of classical hodgkin lymphoma: An analysis of the german hodgkin study group hd7 to hd12 trials. J Clin Oncol 35:1444–1450
Bröckelmann PJ, Müller H, Guhl T, Behringer K, Fuchs M, Moccia AA, Rank A, Soekler M, Vieler T, Pabst T, Baues C, von Tresckow B, Borchmann P, Engert A (2020) Relapse after early-stage, favorable hodgkin lymphoma: disease characteristics and outcomes with conventional or high-dose chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.00947
Sibon D, Morschhauser F, Resche-Rigon M, Ghez D, Dupuis J, Marcais A, Deau-Fischer B, Bouabdallah R, Sebban C, Salles G, Brice P (2016) Single or tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation for first-relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: 10-year follow-up of the prospective h96 trial by the lysa/sfgm-tc study group. Haematologica 101:474–481
Chen R, Gopal AK, Smith SE, Ansell SM, Rosenblatt JD, Savage KJ, Connors JM, Engert A, Larsen EK, Huebner D, Fong A, Younes A (2016) Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 128:1562–1566
Moskowitz CH, Walewski J, Nademanee A, Masszi T, Agura E, Holowiecki J, Abidi MH, Chen AI, Stiff P, Viviani S, Bachanova V, Sureda A, McClendon T, Lee C, Lisano J, Sweetenham J (2018) Five-year pfs from the aethera trial of brentuximab vedotin for hodgkin lymphoma at high risk of progression or relapse. Blood 132:2639–2642
Younes A, Santoro A, Shipp M, Zinzani PL, Timmerman JM, Ansell S, Armand P, Fanale M, Ratanatharathorn V, Kuruvilla J, Cohen JB, Collins G, Savage KJ, Trneny M, Kato K, Farsaci B, Parker SM, Rodig S, Roemer MGM, Ligon AH, Engert A (2016) Nivolumab for classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma after failure of both autologous stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin: a multicentre, multicohort, single-arm phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30167-X
Chen R, Zinzani PL, Fanale MA, Armand P, Johnson NA, Brice P, Radford J, Ribrag V, Molin D, Vassilakopoulos TP, Tomita A, Tresckow BV, Shipp MA, Zhang Y, Ricart AD, Balakumaran A, Moskowitz CH (2017) KEYNOTE-087 ft: phase ii study of the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab for relapsed/refractory classic hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 35:2125–2132
Ansell SM, Bröckelmann PJ, von Keudell G, Lee HJ, Santoro A, Zinzani PL, Collins GP, Cohen JB, De Boer JP, Kuruvilla J, Savage KJ, Trneny M, Provencio M, Jaeger U, Willenbacher W, Swanink R, Sacchi M, Shipp MA, Engert A, Armand P (2021) Nivolumab for relapsed or refractory (r/r) classical hodgkin lymphoma (chl) after autologous transplantation: 5‑year overall survival from the phase 2 checkmate 205 study. Hematol Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.74_2879
Kuruvilla J, Ramchandren R, Santoro A, Paszkiewicz-Kozik E, Gasiorowski R, Johnson NA, Fogliatto LM, Goncalves I, de Oliveira JSR, Buccheri V, Perini GF, Goldschmidt N, Kriachok I, Dickinson M, Komarnicki M, McDonald A, Ozcan M, Sekiguchi N, Zhu Y, Nahar A, Marinello P, Zinzani PL (2021) Pembrolizumab versus brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma (keynote-204): An interim analysis of a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00005-X
Moskowitz AJ, Shah G, Schöder H, Ganesan N, Drill E, Hancock H, Davey T, Perez L, Ryu S, Sohail S, Santarosa A, Galasso N, Neuman R, Liotta B, Blouin W, Kumar A, Lahoud O, Batlevi CL, Hamlin P, Straus DJ, Rodriguez-Rivera I, Owens C, Caron P, Intlekofer AM, Hamilton A, Horwitz SM, Falchi L, Joffe E, Johnson W, Lee C, Palomba ML, Noy A, Matasar MJ, Pongas G, Salles G, Vardhana S, Sanin BW, Keudell GV, Yahalom J, Dogan A, Zelenetz AD, Moskowitz CH (2021) Phase ii trial of pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and liposomal doxorubicin as second-line therapy for relapsed or refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01056
Nie J, Wang C, Liu Y, Yang Q, Mei Q, Dong L, Li X, Liu J, Ku W, Zhang Y, Chen M, An X, Shi L, Brock MV, Bai J, Han W (2019) Addition of low-dose decitabine to anti–pd‑1 antibody camrelizumab in relapsed/refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 37:1479–1489
Merryman RW, Castagna L, Giordano L, Ho VT, Corradini P, Guidetti A, Casadei B, Bond DA, Jaglowski S, Spinner MA, Arai S, Lowsky R, Shah GL, Perales M‑A, De Colella JMS, Blaise D, Herrera AF, Shouse G, Spilleboudt C, Ansell SM, Nieto Y, Badar T, Hamadani M, Feldman TA, Dahncke L, Singh AK, McGuirk JP, Nishihori T, Chavez J, Serritella AV, Kline J, Mohty M, Dulery R, Stamatoulas A, Houot R, Manson G, Moles-Moreau M‑P, Orvain C, Bouabdallah K, Modi D, Ramchandren R, Lekakis L, Beitinjaneh A, Frigault MJ, Chen Y‑B, Lynch RC, Smith SD, Rao U, Byrne M, Romancik JT, Cohen JB, Nathan S, Phillips T, Joyce RM, Rahimian M, Bashey A, Ballard HJ, Svoboda J, Torri V, Sollini M, De Philippis C, Magagnoli M, Santoro A, Armand P, Zinzani PL, Carlo-Stella C (2021) Allogeneic transplantation after pd‑1 blockade for classic hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01193-6
Bröckelmann PJ, Müller H, Kücüksarioglan E, Kaskel P, Metterlein V, Giezek H, Balakumaran A, Raut MK, Engert A, von Tresckow B (2019) Outcomes of patients with the third or higher relapsed classical hodgkin lymphoma: results from the german hodgkin study group. Ann Oncol 30:490–491
Herrera AF, Carlo-Stella C, Collins GP, Maddocks KJ, Bartlett NL, Savage KJ, Caimi PF, Hess BT, Zinzani PL, Cruz HG, Wang L, Feingold J, Wuerthner J, Ansell SM (2020) Preliminary results of a phase 2 study of camidanlumab tesirine (cami), a novel pyrrolobenzodiazepine-based antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 136:21–23
Ramos CA, Grover NS, Beaven AW, Lulla PD, Wu M‑F, Ivanova A, Wang T, Shea TC, Rooney CM, Dittus C, Park SI, Gee AP, Eldridge PW, McKay KL, Mehta B, Cheng CJ, Buchanan FB, Grilley BJ, Morrison K, Brenner MK, Serody JS, Dotti G, Heslop HE, Savoldo B (2020) Anti-cd30 car‑t cell therapy in relapsed and refractory hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 38:3794–3804
Bröckelmann PJ, Borchmann S, Borchmann P, Engert A (2020) Steering chimeric antigen receptor t cells into the hodgkin lymphoma niche. J Clin Oncol 38:3816–3818
Song Y, Gao Q, Zhang H, Fan L, Zhou J, Zou D, Li W, Yang H, Liu T, Wang Q, Lv F, Guo H, Zhao X, Wang D, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhang Y, Shen Z, Huang J, Zhu J (2021) Tislelizumab for relapsed/refractory classical hodgkin lymphoma: 3‑year follow-up and correlative biomarker analysis. Clin Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-2023
LaCasce AS, Bociek RG, Sawas A, Caimi P, Agura E, Matous J, Ansell SM, Crosswell HE, Islas-Ohlmayer M, Behler C, Cheung E, Forero-Torres A, Vose J, O’Connor OA, Josephson N, Wang Y, Advani R (2018) Brentuximab vedotin plus bendamustine: a highly active first salvage regimen for relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 132:40–48
Marie José K, Julia D, Josée MZ, Wouter JP, Franck M, Pieternella JL, Pauline B, Martin H, Thomas G, Roberto L, Coreline NB, Marcel N, Sanne HT, Anne IJA, Roelf V, van Harm T, Marta L‑Y, Arjan D, De Daphne J, Anton H (2020) Combining brentuximab vedotin with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin as salvage treatment in relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: The phase ii hovon/llpc transplant brave study. Haematologica 106:1129–1137
Mei MG, Lee HJ, Palmer J, Chen RW, Tsai N‑C, Chen L, McBride K, Smith DL, Melgar I, Song JY, Bonjoc K‑JC, Armenian S, Nwangwu M, Lee P, Zain J, Nikolaenko L, Popplewell L, Nademanee A, Chaudhry AA, Rosen ST, Kwak LW, Forman SJ, Herrera AF (2022) Response-adapted anti-pd1 based salvage therapy for hodgkin lymphoma with nivolumab +/− ice (nice). Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022015423
Diefenbach CS, Hong F, Ambinder RF, Cohen JB, Robertson MJ, David KA, Advani RH, Fenske TS, Barta SK, Palmisiano ND, Svoboda J, Morgan DS, Karmali R, Sharon E, Streicher H, Kahl BS, Ansell SM (2020) Ipilimumab, nivolumab, and brentuximab vedotin combination therapies in patients with relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: Phase 1 results of an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Haematol 7:e660–e670
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
Potenzielle Interessenskonflikte: P. J. Bröckelmann erklärt Beratertätigkeit (Takeda), Studienunterstützung (BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Takeda), Reisekostenübernahme (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Takeda) und Vortragshonorare (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda). B. von Tresckow erklärt Berater- und Gutachtertätigkeiten (Allogene, BMS/Celgene, Cerus, Incyte, Miltenyi, PentixaPharm, Roche, Amgen, Pfizer, Kite Gilead, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Takeda), Honorare (AstraZeneca, Roche Pharma AG, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Takeda), Finanzierung wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen (Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Takeda) und Reisekostenübernahme (AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Kite Gilead, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Takeda). A. Engert erklärt Beratertätigkeiten (AstraZeneca, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Takeda, Tessa Pharma), Studienunterstützung (Bristol-Myers Squibb) und Vortragshonorare (AstraZeneca, Hexal AG, Innovent, Janssen, Takeda, TS Oncology).
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
Additional information

QR-Code scannen & Beitrag online lesen
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bröckelmann, P.J., von Tresckow, B. & Engert, A. Neue Ansätze zur Behandlung des rezidivierten oder refraktären Hodgkin Lymphoms. Onkologie 28, 901–907 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-022-01172-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-022-01172-1
Schlüsselwörter
- Lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen
- Rezidiv
- Stammzelltransplantation
- Immuncheckpointinhibitoren
- Molekular zielgerichtete Therapie