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The unique tRNASec and its role in selenocysteine biosynthesis

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Abstract

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for several organisms and is mostly present in proteins as l-selenocysteine (Sec or U). Sec is synthesized on its l-seryl–tRNASec to produce Sec–tRNASec molecules by a dedicated selenocysteine synthesis machinery and incorporated into selenoproteins at specified in-frame UGA codons. UGA–Sec insertion is signaled by an mRNA stem-loop structure called the SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS). tRNASec transcription regulation and folding have been described showing its importance to Sec biosynthesis. Here, we discuss structural aspects of Sec–tRNASec and its role in Sec biosynthesis as well as Sec incorporation into selenoproteins. Defects in the Sec biosynthesis or incorporation pathway have been correlated with pathological conditions.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the research grants from FAPESP 2013/17791-0 and CNPq 420226/2016-8 to OHT. Research fellowships from FAPESP to MTAS—2011/24017-4; IRS—2010/04429-3; VHBS—2012/23730-1; JFS—2016/20977-7; CNPq AFF—134013/2015-8; VHBS—232251/2014-2 and CAPES. Louis Perry Jones Postdoctoral Fellow (HMS, USA) also supported VHBS.

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  1. Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão, Ivan Rosa Silva, Marco Tulio Alves da Silva have equal contribution.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil

    Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão, Ivan Rosa Silva, Marco Tulio Alves da Silva, Jéssica Fernandes Scortecci, Adriano de Freitas Fernandes & Otavio Henrique Thiemann

  2. Neurobiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão

  3. Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil

    Otavio Henrique Thiemann

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  1. Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão
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Correspondence to Otavio Henrique Thiemann.

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Serrão, V.H.B., Silva, I.R., da Silva, M.T.A. et al. The unique tRNASec and its role in selenocysteine biosynthesis. Amino Acids 50, 1145–1167 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2595-6

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