Skip to main content
Log in

Spermine and spermidine mediate protection against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide

  • Published:
Amino Acids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

The polyamines spermidine and spermine have been hypothesized to possess different functions in the protection of DNA from reactive oxygen species. The growth and survival of mouse fibroblasts unable to synthesize spermine were compared to their normal counterparts in their native and polyamine-depleted states in response to oxidative stress. The results of these studies suggest that when present at normal or supraphysiological concentrations, either spermidine or spermine can protect cells from reactive oxygen species. However, when polyamine pools are pharmacologically manipulated to produce cells with low levels of predominately spermine or spermidine, spermine appears to be more effective. Importantly, when cells are depleted of both glutathione and endogenous polyamines, they exhibit increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide as compared to glutathione depletion alone, suggesting that polyamines not only play a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress but this role is distinct from that played by glutathione.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BSO:

DL-Buthionine-[S, R]-sulfoximine

CGP48664:

4-amidinoindan-1-one 2′amidinhydrazone

DAPI:

4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride

DFMO:

difluoromethylornithine

FITC:

fluorescein isothiocyanate

GSH:

Glutathione

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

References

  • E Agostinelli E Przybytkowski DA Averill-Bates (1996) ArticleTitleGlucose, glutathione, and cellular response to spermine oxidation products Free Radic Biol Med 20 649–656 Occurrence Handle8721611 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0891-5849(95)02149-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XisVWjur8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CM Arundel K Nishioka PJ Tofilon (1988) ArticleTitleEffects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion on the radiosensitivity of a human colon carcinoma cell line Radiat Res 114 634–640 Occurrence Handle3131831 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3577134 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXksFSqtrg%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N Babbar RA Casero (2006) ArticleTitleTumor necrosis factor-α increases reactive oxygen species by inducing spermine oxidse in human lung epithelial cells: a potential mechanism for inflammation-induced carcinogenesis Cancer Res 66 11125–11130 Occurrence Handle17145855 Occurrence Handle10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3174 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1KnsL7M

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HS Basu RH Shafer LJ Marton (1987) ArticleTitleA stopped-flow H-D exchange kinetic study of spermine-polynucleotide interactions Nucleic Acids Res 15 5873–5886 Occurrence Handle3615205 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/15.14.5873 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXlvFentbY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P Bey FN Bolkenius N Seiler P Casara (1985) ArticleTitleN-2,3-Butadienyl-1,4-butanediamine derivatives: potent irreversible inactivators of mammalian polyamine oxidase J Med Chem 28 1–2 Occurrence Handle3965702 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jm00379a001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXitVaisg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Brune P Hartzell P Nicotera S Orrenius (1991) ArticleTitleSpermine prevents endonuclease activation and apoptosis in thymocytes Exp Cell Res 195 323–329 Occurrence Handle1649056 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-4827(91)90380-D Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3MzgtFWrtQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MK Chattopadhyay CW Tabor H Tabor (2003a) ArticleTitlePolyamines protect Escherichia coli cells from the toxic effect of oxygen Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 2261–2265 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.2627990100 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVajtb8%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MK Chattopadhyay CW Tabor H Tabor (2003b) ArticleTitleSpermidine but not spermine is essential for hypusine biosynthesis and growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: spermine is converted to spermidine in vivo by the FMS1-amine oxidase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 13869–13874 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.1835918100 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpsFGisLw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MK Chattopadhyay CW Tabor H Tabor (2006) ArticleTitlePolyamine deficiency leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species in a spe2Delta mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast 23 751–761 Occurrence Handle16862607 Occurrence Handle10.1002/yea.1393 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovVOrtb4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Chiu NL Oleinick (1997) ArticleTitleRadioprotection against the formation of DNA double-strand breaks in cellular DNA but not native cellular chromatin by the polyamine spermine Radiat Res 148 188–192 Occurrence Handle9254739 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3579577 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltlKkt70%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Chiu NL Oleinick (1998) ArticleTitleRadioprotection of cellular chromatin by the polyamines spermine and putrescine: preferential action against formation of DNA-protein crosslinks Radiat Res 149 543–549 Occurrence Handle9611092 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3579900 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjs1aksLo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FF Chu RS Esworthy PG Chu JA Longmate MM Huycke S Wilczynski JH Doroshow (2004) ArticleTitleBacteria-induced intestinal cancer in mice with disrupted Gpx1 and Gpx2 genes Cancer Res 64 962–968 Occurrence Handle14871826 Occurrence Handle10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2272 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFCgurw%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Courdi G Milano M Bouclier CM Lalanne (1986) ArticleTitleRadiosensitization of human tumor cells by alpha-difluoromethylornithine Int J Cancer 38 103–107 Occurrence Handle3087889 Occurrence Handle10.1002/ijc.2910380117 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XkvFeksrk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JB de Haan C Bladier P Griffiths M Kelner RD O’Shea NS Cheung RT Bronson MJ Silvestro S Wild SS Zheng PM Beart PJ Hertzog I Kola (1998) ArticleTitleMice with a homozygous null mutation for the most abundant glutathione peroxidase, Gpx1, show increased susceptibility to the oxidative stress-inducing agents paraquat and hydrogen peroxide J Biol Chem 273 22528–22536 Occurrence Handle9712879 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.273.35.22528 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlvValtL0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Douki Y Bretonniere J Cadet (2000) ArticleTitleProtection against radiation-induced degradation of DNA bases by polyamines Radiat Res 153 29–35 Occurrence Handle10630975 Occurrence Handle10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0029:PARIDO]2.0.CO;2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis12nug%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BG Feuerstein N Pattabiraman LJ Marton (1986) ArticleTitleSpermine-DNA interactions: a theoretical study Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 5948–5952 Occurrence Handle3461466 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.83.16.5948 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XlvVKjtL4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BG Feuerstein N Pattabiraman LJ Marton (1989) ArticleTitleMolecular dynamics of spermine-DNA interactions: sequence specificity and DNA bending for a simple ligand Nucleic Acids Res 17 6883–6892 Occurrence Handle2780313 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/17.17.6883 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmtFSkurk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BG Feuerstein N Pattabiraman LJ Marton (1990) ArticleTitleMolecular mechanics of the interactions of spermine with DNA: DNA bending as a result of ligand binding Nucleic Acids Res 18 1271–1282 Occurrence Handle2320418 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/18.5.1271 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXktVags70%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Fujisawa Y Kadoma (2005) ArticleTitleKinetic evaluation of polyamines as radical scavengers Anticancer Res 25 965–969 Occurrence Handle15868935 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkt1Ggtb4%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EW Gerner FL Meyskens SuffixJr (2004) ArticleTitlePolyamines and cancer: old molecules, new understanding Nat Rev Cancer 4 781–792 Occurrence Handle15510159 Occurrence Handle10.1038/nrc1454 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1ymu70%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EW Gerner ME Tome SE Fry GT Bowden (1988) ArticleTitleInhibition of ionizing radiation recovery processes in polyamine-depleted Chinese hamster cells Cancer Res 48 4881–4885 Occurrence Handle3136915 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlsVGgsLY%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OW Griffith A Meister (1979) ArticleTitlePotent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine) J Biol Chem 254 7558–7560 Occurrence Handle38242 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlvVOhu70%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HC Ha NS Sirisoma P Kuppusamy JL Zweier PM Woster RA Casero SuffixJr (1998a) ArticleTitleThe natural polyamine spermine functions directly as a free radical scavenger Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 11140–11145 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.95.19.11140 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1ajurk%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HC Ha JD Yager PA Woster RA Casero SuffixJr (1998b) ArticleTitleStructural specificity of polyamines and polyamine analogues in the protection of DNA from strand breaks induced by reactive oxygen species Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244 298–303 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1998.8258 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhslClsLY%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • KD Held S Awad (1991) ArticleTitleEffects of polyamines and thiols on the radiation sensitivity of bacterial transforming DNA Int J Radiat Biol 59 699–710 Occurrence Handle1672358 Occurrence Handle10.1080/09553009114550611 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkvVygsbY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Hiraishi N Yajima N Yamaguchi M Ishida Y Katoh T Harada A Terano KJ Ivey (1993) ArticleTitleAntioxidant protection against oxidant-induced damage in cultured gastric mucosal cells Gastroenterol Jpn 28 IssueIDSuppl 5 132–138 Occurrence Handle8395438 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1Giur0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02989224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PJ Hissin R Hilf (1976) ArticleTitleA fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues Anal Biochem 74 214–226 Occurrence Handle962076 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-2697(76)90326-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28XkslCntL0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DM Hougaard AM Del Castillo LI Larsson (1988) ArticleTitleEndogenous polyamines associate with DNA during its condensation in mammalian tissue. A fluorescence cytochemical and immunocytochemical study of polyamines in fetal rat liver Eur J Cell Biol 45 311–314 Occurrence Handle3366129 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXitVagtrk%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Imai T Akiyama T Kato S Sato S Tabata KT Yamamoto T Takahashi (2004) ArticleTitleSpermine is not essential for survival of Arabidopsis FEBS Lett 556 148–152 Occurrence Handle14706842 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01395-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXosl2i

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IL Jung TJ Oh IG Kim (2003) ArticleTitleAbnormal growth of polyamine-deficient Escherichia coli mutant is partially caused by oxidative stress-induced damage Arch Biochem Biophys 418 125–132 Occurrence Handle14522584 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXns1Kktr8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PM Kabra HK Lee WP Lubich LJ Marton (1986) ArticleTitleSolid-phase extraction and determination of dansyl derivatives of unconjugated and acetylated polyamines by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: improved separation systems for polyamines in cerebrospinal fluid, urine and tissue J Chromatogr 380 19–32 Occurrence Handle3745383 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-4347(00)83621-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XltlSitrc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AU Khan P Di Mascio MH Medeiros T Wilson (1992) ArticleTitleSpermine and spermidine protection of plasmid DNA against single-strand breaks induced by singlet oxygen Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 11428–11430 Occurrence Handle1454831 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.89.23.11428 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsVSnug%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WL Kuo DF Deen LJ Marton RH Shafer (1987) ArticleTitleFilter elution analysis of the effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on X-ray-induced DNA damage in 9L cells Radiat Res 109 68–77 Occurrence Handle3101131 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3576868 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXotV2htw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DH Lee RS Esworthy C Chu GP Pfeifer FF Chu (2006) ArticleTitleMutation accumulation in the intestine and colon of mice deficient in two intracellular glutathione peroxidases Cancer Res 66 9845–9851 Occurrence Handle17047045 Occurrence Handle10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0732 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVyiur3P

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Lorenz F Francis K Gempel A Boddrich M Josten W Schmahl J Schmidt H Lehrach T Meitinger TM Strom (1998) ArticleTitleSpermine deficiency in Gy mice caused by deletion of the spermine synthase gene Hum Mol Genet 7 541–547 Occurrence Handle9467015 Occurrence Handle10.1093/hmg/7.3.541 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitFWku7Y%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E Lovaas G Carlin (1991) ArticleTitleSpermine: an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent Free Radic Biol Med 11 455–461 Occurrence Handle1663062 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0891-5849(91)90061-7 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK387itVGrsA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CA Mackintosh AE Pegg (2000) ArticleTitleEffect of spermine synthase deficiency on polyamine biosynthesis and content in mice and embryonic fibroblasts, and the sensitivity of fibroblasts to 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea Biochem J 351 439–447 Occurrence Handle11023830 Occurrence Handle10.1042/0264-6021:3510439 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvFSqtLY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FL Meyskens SuffixJr EW Gerner (1999) ArticleTitleDevelopment of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as a chemoprevention agent Clin Cancer Res 5 945–951 Occurrence Handle10353725 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjslKlt7c%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GL Newton JA Aguilera JF Ward RC Fahey (1996) ArticleTitlePolyamine-induced compaction and aggregation of DNA – a major factor in radioprotection of chromatin under physiological conditions Radiat Res 145 776–780 Occurrence Handle8643839 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3579370 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjsVWgtLg%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GL Newton JA Aguilera JF Ward RC Fahey (1997) ArticleTitleEffect of polyamine-induced compaction and aggregation of DNA on the formation of radiation-induced strand breaks: quantitative models for cellular radiation damage Radiat Res 148 272–284 Occurrence Handle9291359 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3579612 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvFCju7Y%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Nilsson A Gritli-Linde O Heby (2000) ArticleTitleSkin fibroblasts from spermine synthase-deficient hemizygous gyro male (Gy/Y) mice overproduce spermidine and exhibit increased resistance to oxidative stress but decreased resistance to UV irradiation Biochem J 352 381–387 Occurrence Handle11085931 Occurrence Handle10.1042/0264-6021:3520381 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFahsw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P Pietarinen K Raivio RB Devlin JD Crapo LY Chang VL Kinnula (1995) ArticleTitleCatalase and glutathione reductase protection of human alveolar macrophages during oxidant exposure in vitro Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 13 434–441 Occurrence Handle7546773 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosVyms7c%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Rajalakshmi PM Rao DS Sarma (1978) ArticleTitleStudies on carcinogen chromatin – DNA interaction: inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced methylation of chromatin – DNA by spermine and distamycin A Biochemistry 17 4515–4518 Occurrence Handle718853 Occurrence Handle10.1021/bi00614a024 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXmtFSit7o%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Seidenfeld DF Deen LJ Marton (1980) ArticleTitleDepletion of intracellular polyamine content does not alter the survival of 9L rat brain tumour cells after X-irradiation Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 38 223–229 Occurrence Handle6776070 Occurrence Handle10.1080/09553008014551141 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXitF0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RD Snyder KK Schroeder (1994) ArticleTitleRadiosensitivity of polyamine-depleted HeLa cells and modulation by the aminothiol WR-1065 Radiat Res 137 67–75 Occurrence Handle8265790 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3578792 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhtVSktL8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RD Snyder PS Sunkara (1990) ArticleTitleEffect of polyamine depletion on DNA damage and repair following UV irradiation of HeLa cells Photochem Photobiol 52 525–532 Occurrence Handle2284346 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlsVyjurY%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Spotheim-Maurizot S Ruiz R Sabattier M Charlier (1995) ArticleTitleRadioprotection of DNA by polyamines Int J Radiat Biol 68 571–577 Occurrence Handle7490507 Occurrence Handle10.1080/09553009514551561 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpvVWrsbo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Sy S Hugot C Savoye S Ruiz M Charlier M Spotheim-Maurizot (1999) ArticleTitleRadioprotection of DNA by spermine: a molecular modelling approach Int J Radiat Biol 75 953–961 Occurrence Handle10465361 Occurrence Handle10.1080/095530099139719 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlt1KhsL0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Tadolini L Cabrini L Landi E Varani P Pasquali (1984) ArticleTitlePolyamine binding to phospholipid vesicles and inhibition of lipid peroxidation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 122 550–555 Occurrence Handle6466327 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-291X(84)80068-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXlt1GgsLo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Vujcic P Diegelman CJ Bacchi DL Kramer CW Porter (2002) ArticleTitleIdentification and characterization of a novel flavin-containing spermine oxidase of mammalian cell origin Biochem J 367 665–675 Occurrence Handle12141946 Occurrence Handle10.1042/BJ20020720 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotFWlurY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HM Wallace R Caslake (2001) ArticleTitlePolyamines and colon cancer Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 1033–1039 Occurrence Handle11564951 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00042737-200109000-00006 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotVWgtrc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • X Wang Y Ikeguchi DE McCloskey P Nelson AE Pegg (2004) ArticleTitleSpermine synthesis is required for normal viability, growth, and fertility in the mouse J Biol Chem 279 51370–51375 Occurrence Handle15459188 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M410471200 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVaqs7%2FM

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y Wang W Devereux PM Woster TM Stewart A Hacker RA Casero SuffixJr (2001) ArticleTitleCloning and characterization of a human polyamine oxidase that is inducible by polyamine analogue exposure Cancer Res 61 5370–5373 Occurrence Handle11454677 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsVChsrk%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RL Warters GL Newton PL Olive RC Fahey (1999) ArticleTitleRadioprotection of human cell nuclear DNA by polyamines: radiosensitivity of chromatin is influenced by tightly bound spermine Radiat Res 151 354–362 Occurrence Handle10073674 Occurrence Handle10.2307/3579948 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVCitrs%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JR Williams RA Casero LE Dillehay (1994) ArticleTitleThe effect of polyamine depletion on the cytotoxic response to PUVA, gamma rays and UVC in V79 cells in vitro Biochem Biophys Res Commun 201 1–7 Occurrence Handle8198560 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1994.1661 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXktVCjtrc%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Xu R Chaturvedi Y Cheng FI Bussiere M Asim MD Yao D Potosky SJ Meltzer JG Rhee SS Kim SF Moss A Hacker Y Wang RA Casero SuffixJr KT Wilson (2004) ArticleTitleSpermine oxidation induced by Helicobacter pylori results in apoptosis and DNA damage: implications for gastric carcinogenesis Cancer Res 64 8521–8525 Occurrence Handle15574757 Occurrence Handle10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3511 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVCjs7zP

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rider, J., Hacker, A., Mackintosh, C. et al. Spermine and spermidine mediate protection against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. Amino Acids 33, 231–240 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0513-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0513-4

Navigation