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Makulaforamenchirurgie: Funktionelles und anatomisches Outcome

Macular hole surgery: anatomical and functional results

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Summary

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the results of macular hole surgery using pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and intravitreal tamponade (air, gas, or a combination of air with gas) in a series of consecutive patients. DESIGN: A retrospective, monocentric case series. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with a full thickness macular hole, who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with internal-limiting membrane peeling, were included in the case series. The stage of the macular hole, the pre- and postsurgical best corrected visual acuity, the closure rate, peri – and postsurgical complications were obtained from the original patient files. RESULTS: All patients had a postoperative follow-up of 6 months or more. All 68 eyes had a full thickness macular hole. The mean age was 70 years, 63 % were women and 37 % men. Fifty-seven of the 68 macular holes (84 %) were closed postsurgically. The mean initial visual acuity was 0.20. After both 6 and 12 months a statistically significant improvement of visual acuity was shown with a mean improvement of 0.38 after 6 months and 0.41 after 12 months. Thirty-three eyes (49 %) had an initial visual acuity of less than 0.2 and 18 of the 68 eyes (26 %) of less than 0.1. Yet, the patients who had an initial visual acuity of more than 0.1 had a statistically significant (p > 0.000) visual improvement after 6 months compared to those who had an initial visual acuity of less than 0.1. After 12 months there was no difference among the two groups (p > 0.678). Except for reversible hypotonies after 23 g vitrectomy no severe peri- or postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgery with vitrectomy, peeling of the internal limiting membrane and air/gas tamponade led to good anatomical and visual results with a low rate of peri- and postoperative complications.

Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Evaluierung der Ergebnisse der Makulaforamenchirurgie mittels Pars Plana Vitrektomie, ILM-Peeling und intravitrealer Füllung (Luft, Gas, oder Kombination von Luft und Gas) in einer Serie von konsekutiven Patienten. DESIGN: Eine retrospektive, monozentrische Fallserie. PATIENTEN UND METHODEN: Achtundsechzig konsekutive Patienten mit durchgreifendem Makulaforamen, bei denen eine Pars Plana Vitrektomie und Peeling durchgeführt worden war, wurden in die Fallstudie inkludiert. Das Stadium des Makulaforamen, bestkorrigierter Visus prä- und postoperativ, Verschlussrate, peri- und postoperative Komplikationen wurden aus den Originaldaten erhoben. RESULTATE: Alle Patienten hatten ein postoperatives Follow-up von mindestens 6 Monaten. Alle 68 Augen stellten sich mit durchgreifendem Makulaforamen (Grad 1–4 nach Gass) vor. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 70 Jahre, 63 % waren Frauen und 37 % waren Männer. Siebenundfünfzig der insgesamt 68 Makulaforamina (84 %) waren postoperativ geschlossen. Der Ausgangsvisus betrug durchschnittlich 0,20. Sowohl nach 6 als auch nach 12 Monaten zeigte sich ein statistisch hochsignifikanter Visusanstieg mit einem durchschnittlichen Visus von 0,38 nach 6 Monaten sowie 0,41 nach 12 Monaten. Dreiunddreißig Augen (49 %) hatten einen Ausgangsvisus von weniger als 0,2 und davon 18 (26 %) von weniger als 0,1. Die Patienten mit einem Ausgangsvisus von weniger als 0,1 blieben in den ersten 6 Monaten im Hinblick auf den Visusanstieg hochsignifikant (p > 0,000) hinter den Patienten mit einem Ausgangsvisus über 0,1. Nach 12 Monaten jedoch war kein Unterschied mehr zwischen diesen beiden Gruppen nachweisbar (p > 0,678). Außer reversiblen Hypotonien bei 23 g pars plana Vitrektomie waren keine peri- oder postoperativen Komplikationen nachweisbar. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Makulaforamenchirurgie mit Vitrektomie, Peeling und Luft oder Luft/Gastamponade führte zu guten anatomischen und visuellen Ergebnissen bei niedriger peri -und postoperativer Kompliaktionsrate.

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Bezatis, A., Laufenböck, C., Zehetner, C. et al. Makulaforamenchirurgie: Funktionelles und anatomisches Outcome. Spektrum Augenheilkd. 25, 302–305 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-011-0035-z

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