Abstract
This article deals with the distribution of callose and of the homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes recognized by LM20, JIM5, and 2F4 antibodies in cell walls of differentiating and functioning stomatal complexes of the monocotyledon Zea mays and the dicotyledon Vigna sinensis. The findings revealed that, during stomatal development, in these plant species, callose appears in an accurately spatially and timely controlled manner in cell walls of the guard cells (GCs). In functioning stomata of both plants, callose constitutes a dominant cell wall matrix material of the polar ventral cell wall ends and of the local GC cell wall thickenings. In Zea mays, the LM20, JIM5, or 2F4 antibody-recognized HG epitopes were mainly located in the expanding cell wall regions of the stomatal complexes, while in Vigna sinensis, they were deposited in the local cell wall thickenings of the GCs as well as at the ledges of the stomatal pore. Consideration of the presented data favors the view that in the stomatal complexes of the monocotyledon Z. mays and the dicotyledon V. sinensis, the esterified HGs contribute to the cell wall expansion taking place during GC morphogenesis and the opening of the stomatal pore. Besides, callose and the highly de-esterified HGs allow to GC cell wall regions to withstand the mechanical stresses exerted during stomatal function.
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Suppl Fig 1
Autofluorescence of stomatal complexes’ cell walls of Z. mays (a-f) and V. sinensis (g, h). Scale bars: 10 μm. a-d: Optical sections of mature stomatal complexes as seen either under the filter used for the examination of stained with aniline blue specimens (a, b) or under the filter used for the observation of the specimens during immunodetection (c, d). e, f: Kidney-shaped stoma seen with DIC optics (e) and under the filter used for the examination of the aniline blue stained specimens (f). g, h: Mature stomata observed under the filter used for the examination of the aniline blue stained specimens (g) or under the filter used for the study of the specimens of immunodetection (h). Arrows point to the ledges of stomatal pore (PNG 612 kb)
Suppl Fig 2
Hand-made sections of fresh material of Z. mays (a-d) and V. sinensis (e-h) stomatal complexes that have been subjected to the immunolabeling protocol procedure, omitting the addition of the first antibody (control), as seen in DIC optics (a, c, e, g) and in epifluorescence microscope (b, d, f, h). In (b, d, f, h) no fluorescent signal is observed. Scale bars: 10 μm (PNG 829 kb)
Suppl Fig 3
Diagrams of newly formed (first line), young (second and third line) and kidney-shaped (forth line) stomatal complexes of Z. mays. (a) median transverse sections, (b-d) paradermal sections through the planes I, II and III shown in (a). Lines and dots mark the microtubules (from Galatis 1980) (PNG 893 kb)
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Giannoutsou, E., Sotiriou, P., Nikolakopoulou, T.L. et al. Callose and homogalacturonan epitope distribution in stomatal complexes of Zea mays and Vigna sinensis. Protoplasma 257, 141–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01425-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01425-8