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Multiple isoforms of HSP70 and HSP90 required for betanodavirus multiplication in medaka cells

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Abstract

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that have recently been shown to function as host factors (HFs) for virus multiplication in fish as well as in mammals, plants, and insects. HSPs are classified into families, and each family has multiple isoforms. However, no comprehensive studies have been performed to clarify the biological importance of these multiple isoforms for fish virus multiplication. Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in cultured marine fish and cause very high mortality. Although the viral genome and encoded proteins have been characterized extensively, information on HFs for these viruses is limited. In this study, therefore, we focused on the HSP70 and HSP90 families to examine the importance of their isoforms for betanodavirus multiplication. We found that HSP inhibitors (17-AAG, radicicol, and quercetin) suppressed viral RNA replication and production of progeny virus in infected medaka (Oryzias latipes) cells. Thermal stress or virus infection resulted in increased expression of some isoform genes and facilitated virus multiplication. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of some isoform genes revealed that the isoforms HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-5, HSP90-α1, HSP90-α2, and HSP90-β play positive roles in virus multiplication in medaka. Collectively, these results suggest that multiple isoforms of fish HPSs serve as HFs for betanodavirus multiplication.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. H. Mitani, University of Tokyo, for providing the medaka cell lines. This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN) and by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (20380111) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

Funding

This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN) and by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (20380111) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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  1. Kosuke Zenke

    Present address: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan

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  1. Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan

    Kosuke Zenke & Yasushi Okinaka

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KZ performed the experiments and prepared the manuscript. YO prepared the manuscript and supervised the experiments described in the article.

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Zenke, K., Okinaka, Y. Multiple isoforms of HSP70 and HSP90 required for betanodavirus multiplication in medaka cells. Arch Virol 167, 1961–1975 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05489-5

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