Abstract
In this study, we investigated spatial and temporal variation patterns of persistent moderate-to-heavy rainfall events in Guizhou Province of southwest China during 1951–2004. We first performed conventional frequency analysis using the annual maximum daily series at 36 weather stations fit to log-normal distribution curves. Then, we examined the frequencies of moderate-to-heavy rainfall events (> = 20 mm/day) and persistent rainfall events (10–day running sum > = 100 mm) during the summer season (June through August). Using principal component analysis, we identified various spatial patterns of the rainfall regime and macroscale atmospheric conditions that influence these patterns. It was found that a minor mode of variation in the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly field over East Asia (the third principal component) had a very good relationship to the dominant regional precipitation regime (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = –0.623). This mode of circulation represents the N–S variation of the upper-air pressure gradients over East Asia. During its positive phase, the pressure gradient south of 40°N is reduced and accompanied by a ridge over the East China coast, while the pressure gradient north of this latitude is enhanced. Correspondingly, the study region experiences fewer persistent moderate-to-heavy rainfall events. In its negative phase, the pattern in the 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly field is reversed and the study region experiences more persistent moderate-to-heavy rainfall events. This circulation mode is related to both East Asian and Indian summer monsoons. It is also associated with the northward intrusion of the West Pacific subtropical high, the size of the circumpolar vortex over the Pacific, and the impact of the Tibetan Plateau.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander LV, Zhang X, Peterson TC, Caesar J, Gleason JB, Klein Tank AMG, Haylock M, Collins D, Trewin B, Rahimzadeh F, Tagipour A, Kumar KR, Ravedekar J, Griffiths G, Vincent L, Stephenson DB, Burn J, Aguilar E, Brunet M, Taylor M, New M, Zhai P, Rusticucci M, Vazquez-Aguirre JL (2006) Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J Geophys Res 111:DO5109. doi:10.1029/2005JD006290
China Meteorological Administration (CMA) National Climate Center (NCC) (2007) Data sources and descriptions. Clim Sys Monitor Bull (online version). http://ncc.cma.gov.cn/Monitoring/Bulletin/200712/monitoringc/data-c.pdf. Accessed December 2007
Chen Y, Ding Y (2006) Cold air activities in July 2004 and its impacts on intense rainfalls over southwest China (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Meteorol Sin 64(6):743–759
Duan AM, Liu YM, Wu GX (2003) Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over Eat Asia in midsummer (in Chinese with English abstract). Sci China Ser D 33(10):997–1004
Ford D, Williams P (1989) Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 601 pp
Gong D, Wang S (1999) The impact of ENSO on rainfall of global land and China. China Sci Bull 44(9):852–856
Hsu HH, Liu X (2003) Relationship between the Tibetan Plateau heating and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall. Geophy Res Lett 30(20):2066
Huffman GJ, Adler RF, Bolvin DT, Gu G, Nelkin EJ, Bowman KP, Hong Y, Stocker EF, Wolff DB (2007) The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis: quasi-global, multi-year, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scale. J Hydrometeorol 8:38–55
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. WMO and UNEP, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1009 pp
Jin Z, Tao S (1999) A study on the relationships between ENSO cycle and rainfalls during summer and winter in eastern China (in Chinese with English abstract). Chin J Atmos Sci 23(6):663–672
Johnston RJ (1986) Multivariate statistical analysis in geography: a primer on the general linear model. Wiley, New York, 280 pp
Kaiser HF (1960) The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ Psychol Meas 20:141–151
Kajikawa Y, Wang B (2007) Monsoon monitoring page. http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/∼ykaji/monsoon/realtime-monidx.html. Accessed 10 August 2007
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77(3):437–471
Li J, Zeng Q (2002) A unified monsoon index. Geophys Res Lett 29(8):1274. doi:10.1029/2001GL013874
Li J, Zeng Q (2003) A new monsoon index and the geographical distribution of the global monsoons. Adv Atmos Sci 20:299–302
Li J, Zeng Q (2005) A new monsoon index: its interannual variability and relation with monsoon precipitation. Clim Environ Res 10(3):351–365
Ministry of Water Resources of P.R. China (2000) Bulletin of the statistics of water resources of year 2000. http://www.cws.net.cn/gazette/tongjigb/index.html. Accessed 24 December 2007
Mitchell JM Jr, Dzerdzeevskii B, Flohn H, Hofmeyr WL, Lamb HH, Rao KN, Wallen CC (1966) Climatic Change. Technical Note No. 79. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) (1998) Flooding in China, summer 1998. NCDC, Asheville, NC, USA. http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/chinaflooding/chinaflooding.html#SITES. Accessed 24 December 2007
Shankman D, Keim BD, Song J (2006) Flood frequency in China’s Poyang Lake region: trends and teleconnections. Int J Climatol 26:1255–1266. doi:10.1002/joc.1307
Tang Y, Gan J, Zhao L, Gao K (2006) On the Climatology of persistent heavy rainfall events in China. Adv Atmos Sci 23(5):678–692
Trenberth KE (1984) Signal versus noise in the Southern Oscillation. Mon Weather Rev 112:326–332
Viessman W Jr, Lewis GL (2002) Introduction to hydrology, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 612 pp
Wang B, Fan Z (1999) Choice of South Asian summer monsoon indices. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 80:629–638
Wang B, Wu R, Lau K-M (2001) Interannual variability of Asian summer monsoon: Contrast between the Indian and western North Pacific–East Asian monsoons. J Clim 14:4073–4090
Wu H, Chen D (2006) Simulation experiments on heavy rainfall events in Guizhou with GRAPES Model (in Chinese with English abstract). Meteorol Monthly 32(12):29–35
Xu K, Brown C, Kwon H-H, Lall U, Zhang J, Hayashia S, Chen Z (2007) Climate teleconnections to Yangtze River seasonal streamflow at the Three Gorges Dam, China. Int J Climatol 27:771–780
Xu Y (ed) (1991) Climate of Southwest China (in Chinese). China Meteorology Press, Beijing, 298 pp
Yang L (1999) An analysis of the climate characteristics of heavy rainfall flooding, consistent rainfall in autumn, and freezing rain hazards in Guizhou (in Chinese). Guizhou Meteorol (Guizhou Qixiang) 23(4):3–8
Zhai P, Zhang X, Wan H (2005) Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China. J Clim 18(7):1096–1108
Zhang F, Gao H (2007) Extreme heavy rainfall days in China: 1951–2005. Geophy Res Abstr 9:02481
Acknowledgements
This study was in part supported by grants from NASA (Grant No. NNG05GB85G/EOS 03-0063-0069), NSFC (40721001, 40871047), and University of San Diego (FRG 07–08). The authors would like to thank the National Climate Center of China Meteorological Administration for providing the datasets used in this study. Thanks also to the two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments and suggestions for the revision of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yin, ZY., Cai, Y., Zhao, X. et al. An analysis of the spatial pattern of summer persistent moderate-to-heavy rainfall regime in Guizhou Province of Southwest China and the control factors. Theor Appl Climatol 97, 205–218 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0060-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0060-2