Abstract
Purpose
Evaluation of aftercare, medical therapy and remission rate for Cushing′s disease (CD) and acromegaly (AC).
Methods
Fifty-eight CD and 83 AC patients operated on over 10 years were carefully evaluated. The patients received a disease-related questionnaire and were invited for a follow-up at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurosurgery. Thirty-three CD and 52 AC patients returned the questionnaire; 25 CD and 37 AC patients participated personally. CD patients underwent a dexamethasone suppression test, and IGF-1 levels were assessed in AC patients. Data on postoperative therapy were assessed.
Results
84.8% of those with CD and 75.0% of those with AC had been followed by endocrinologists; 9.1% of CD and 1.9% of AC patients had been under no aftercare; 96% of CD patients were in remission. A recurrence occurred in four patients, two were newly detected by our study. IGF-1 was postoperatively normalized in 25 of 37 AC patients (67.6%). Twenty patients remained in remission, five relapsed. One patient received medical therapy upon recurrence and presented normal IGF-1; four patients with relapse had not been treated yet. Ten of 12 patients with elevated early postoperative IGF-1 received medical therapy that was commenced within 6 months in nine cases. The mean duration of medical therapy was 36 months (range 2–92). IGF-1 was still elevated at the last follow-up in eight of these ten patients, all of them receiving monotherapy. In four patients, the dose had been increased once.
Conclusions
The postoperative transfer back to the endocrinologist after operative treatment is achieved well in both groups. In uncured AC, medical therapy is initiated early, but options of therapy offer room for improvement. Therapy of recurrence is delayed in both pathologies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abs R, Verhelst J, Maiter D, Van Acker K, Nobels F, Coolens JL, Mahler C, Beckers A (1998) Cabergoline in the treatment of acromegaly: a study in 64 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:374–378
Arnaldi G, Angeli A, Atkinson AB, Bertagna X, Cavagnini F, Chrousos GP, Fava GA, Findling JW, Gaillard RC, Grossmann AB, Kola B, Lacroix A, Mancini T, Mantero F, Newell-Price J, Nieman LK, Sonino N, Vance ML, Giustina A, Boscaro M (2003) Diagnosis and complications of Cushing′s syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:5593–5602
Ayuk J, Clayton RN, Holder G, Sheppard MC, Stewart PM, Bates AS (2004) Growth hormone and pituitary radiotherapy, but not serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration, predict excess mortality in patients with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1613–1617
Bex M, Abs R, T′Sjoen G, Mockel J, Velekniers B, Muermans K, Maiter D (2007) AcroBel- the Belgian registry on acromegaly: a survey of the ‘real-life’ outcome in 418 acromegalic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 157:399–409
Biller BM, Grossman AB, Stewart PM, Melmed S, Bertagna X, Bertherat J, Buchfelder M, Colao A, Hermus AR, Hofland LJ, Klibanski A, Lacroix A, Lindsay JR, Newell-Price J, Nieman LK, Petersenn S, Sonino N, Stalla GK, Swearingen B, Vance ML, Wass JA, Boscaro M (2008) Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing′s syndrome: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:2454–2462
Bochicchio D, Losa M, Buchfelder M (1995) Factors influencing the immediate and late outcome of Cushing′s disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery: a retrospective study by the European Cushing′s disease survey group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:3114–3120
Bogazzi F, Battolla L, Spinelli C, Rossi G, Gavioli S, Di Bello V, Cosci C, Sardella C, Volterrani D, Talini E, Pepe P, Falschi F, Mariani G, Martino E (2007) Risk factors for development of coronary heart disease in patients with acromegaly: a five-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:4271–4277
Boscaro M, Barzon L, Fallo F, Sonino N (2001) Cushing′s syndrome. Lancet 357:783–791
Cavagnini F, Pecori Giraldi F (2001) Epidemiology and follow-up of Cushing′s disease. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 62:168–172
Coculescu M, Niculescu D, Lichiardopol R, Pureci M (2007) Insulin resistance and insulin secretion in non-diabetic acromegalic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 115:308–316
Colao A, Ferone D, Marzullo P, Cappabianca P, Cirillo S, Boerlin V, Lancranjan I, Lombardi G (2001) Long-term effects of depot long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide on hormone levels and tumor mass in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:2779–2786
Colao A, Pivonello R, Spiezia S, Faggiano A, Ferone D, Filipella M, Marzullo P, Cerbone G, Siciliani M, Lombardi G (1999) Persistence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing′s disease after five years of successful cure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2664–2672
Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C, Dempegioti A, Tichomirova MA, Beckers A (2006) High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liège, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:4769–4775
Elamin MB, Murad H, Mullan R, Erickson D, Harris K, Nadeem S, Ennis R, Erwin PJ, Montori VM (2008) Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Cushing′s syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalyses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1553–1562
Etxabe J, Vazquez JA (1994) Morbidity and mortality in Cushing′s disease: an epidemiological approach. Clin Endocrinol 40:479–484
Findling JW, Raff H (2006) Cushing′s syndrome: important issues in diagnosis and management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:3746–3753
Freda PU, Katznelson L, van der Lely AJ, Reyes CM, Zhao S, Rabinowitz D (2005) Long-acting somatostatin analog therapy of acromegaly: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4465–4473
Holdaway IM, Rajasoorya RC, Gamble GD (2004) Factors influencing mortality in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:667–674
Kauppinen-Mäkelin R, Sane T, Reunanen A, Välimäki NJ, Niskanen L, Markkanen H, Löyttyeniemi E, Ebeling T, Jaatinen P, Laine H, Nuutila P, Salmela P, Salmi J, Stenman UH, Viikari J, Voutilainen E (2005) A nationwide survey of mortality in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4081–4086
Melmed S, Colao A, Barkan A, Molitch M, Grossman AB, Kleinberg D, Clemmons D, Chanson P, Laws E, Schlechte J, Vance ML, Ho K, Giustina A (2009) Acromegaly consensus group guidelines for acromegaly management: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1509–1517
Mestrón A, Webb SM, Astorga R, Benito P, Catala M, Gatzambide S, Gomez JM, Halperin I, Lucas-Morante T, Moreno B, Obiols G, de Pablos P, Paramo C, Pico A, Torres E, Varela C, Vasquez JA, Zamora J, Albareda M, Gilabert M, on behalf of all the REA participants (2004) Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcome, morbidity and mortality in acromegaly based on the Spanish Acromegaly Registry (Registro Español de Acromegalia, REA). Eur J Endocrinol 151:439–446
Nachtigall L, Delgado A, Swearingen B, Lee H, Zerikly R, Klibanski A (2008) Extensive clinical experience: changing patterns in diagnosis and therapy of acromegaly over two decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:2035–2041
Newman CB, Melmed S, George A, Torigian D, Duhaney M, Snyder P, Young W, Klibanski A, Molitch ME, Gagel R, Sheeler L, Cook D, Malarkey W, Jackson I, Vance ML, Barkan A, Frohman L, Kleinberg DL (1998) Octreotide as primary therapy in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 3:3034–3040
Pereira AM, van Thiel SW, Lindner JR, Roelfsema F, van der Wall EE, Morreau H, Smit JW, Romijn JA, Bax JJ (2004) Increased prevalence of regurgitant valvular heart disease in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:71–75
Plotz CM, Knowlton AL, Ragan C (1952) The natural history of Cushing′s Syndrome. Am J Med 13:597–614
Ross EJ, Linch DC (1982) Cushing′s syndrome-killing disease: discriminatory value of signs and symptoms aiding early diagnosis. Lancet 2:646–649
Swearingen B, Barker FG, Katznelson L, Biller BMK, Grinspoon S, Klibanski A, Moayeri N, Black P, Zervas NT (1998) Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery and adjunctive therapy for acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 10:3419–3426
Swearingen B, Biller BMK, Barker FG II, Katznelson L, Grinspoon S, Klibanski A, Zervas N (1999) Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. Ann Intern Med 130:821–824
van der Lely AJ, Hutson RK, Trainer PJ, Besser GM, Barkan AL, Katznelson L, Klibanski A, Herman-Bonert V, Melmed S, Vance ML, Freda PU, Stewart PM, Friend KE, Clemmons DR, Johannsson G, Stavrou S, Cook DM, Phillips LS, Strasburger CJ, Hackett S, Zib KA, Davis RJ, Scarlett JA, Thorner MO (2001) Long-term treatment of acromegaly with pegvisomant, a growth hormone-receptor antagonist. Lancet 358:1754–1759
Acknowledgements
This study was sponsored by an unrestricted grant from Novartis Oncology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Psaras, T., Milian, M., Hattermann, V. et al. Aftercare in patients with Cushing’s disease and acromegaly: is there room for improvement?. Acta Neurochir 152, 271–278 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0544-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0544-6