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Determination of sulfide in complex biofilm matrices using silver-coated, 4-mercaptobenzonitrile-modified gold nanoparticles, encapsulated in ZIF-8 as surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobe

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Abstract

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobe has been developed for sulfide detection and applied to  complex bacterial biofilms. The nanoprobe, Au@4-MBN@Ag@ZIF-8, comprised a gold core modified with 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) as signaling source, a layer of silver shell as the sulfide sensitization material, and a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as surface barrier. ZIF-8, with its high surface area and mesoporous structure, was applied to preconcentrate sulfide around the nanoprobe with its excellent adsorption capacity. Besides, the external wrapping of ZIF-8 can not only prevent the interference of biomolecules, such as proteins, with the Au@4-MBN@Ag assay but also enhance the detection specificity through the sulfide cleavage function towards ZIF-8. These properties are critical for the application of this nanoprobe to complex environmental scenarios. In the presence of sulfide, it was first enriched through adsorption by the outer ZIF-8 layer, then destroyed the barrier layer, and subsequently reacted with the Ag shell, leading to changes in the Raman signal. Through this rational design, the Au@4-MBN@Ag@ZIF-8 nanoprobe exhibited excellent detection sensitivity, with a sulfide detection limit in the nanomolar range and strong linearity in the concentration range  50 nM to 500 μM. Furthermore, the proposed Au@4-MBN@Ag@ZIF-8 nanoprobe was effectively utilized for sulfide detection in intricate biofilm matrices, demonstrating its robust selectivity and reproducibility.

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Funding

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 42376208 and 41922040) and 0)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shandong Province (No.: ZR2020ME009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People’s Republic of China

    Junxian He & Ping Zhao

  2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Junxian He, Peng Qi, Dun Zhang, Yan Zeng & Peng Wang

  3. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

    Junxian He, Peng Qi, Dun Zhang, Yan Zeng & Peng Wang

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  1. Junxian He
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  2. Peng Qi
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  4. Yan Zeng
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Correspondence to Peng Qi, Ping Zhao or Peng Wang.

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He, J., Qi, P., Zhang, D. et al. Determination of sulfide in complex biofilm matrices using silver-coated, 4-mercaptobenzonitrile-modified gold nanoparticles, encapsulated in ZIF-8 as surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobe. Microchim Acta 190, 475 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-06071-9

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