Abstract
We have developed a lactate biosensor based on a bionanocomposite (BNC) composed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), photocatalytically reduced graphene, and lactate oxidase. Graphene oxide was photochemically reduced (without using any chemical reagents) in the presence of TiO2-NPs to give graphene nanosheets that were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show the nanosheets to possess few oxygen functionalities only and to be decorated with TiO2-NPs. These nanosheets typically are at least 1 μm long and have a thickness of 4.2 nm. A BNC was obtained by mixing lactate oxidase with the nanosheets and immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. The resulting biosensor was applied to the determination of lactate. Compared to a sensor without TiO2-NPs, the sensor exhibits higher sensitivity (6.0 μA mM−1), a better detection limit (0.6 μM), a wider linear response (2.0 μM to 0.40 mM), and better reproducibility (3.2 %).
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (project No. S2009/PPQ-1642, AVANSENS), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (project No. CTQ2011-28157) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project No. FIS2012-38866-C05-05). We want to give thanks to Noemí González Díaz and Mario Ramírez Fernández from XRD polycrystalline laboratory of SIdI (UAM). P.M. thanks INTA for a “Rafael Calvo Rodés” FPI scholarship.
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Casero, E., Alonso, C., Petit-Domínguez, M.D. et al. Lactate biosensor based on a bionanocomposite composed of titanium oxide nanoparticles, photocatalytically reduced graphene, and lactate oxidase. Microchim Acta 181, 79–87 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-013-1070-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-013-1070-z