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Variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in a Neotropical montane forest

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Abstract

Neotropical montane forests are often dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species, yet the diversity of their EM fungal communities remains poorly explored. In lower montane forests in western Panama, the EM tree species Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) forms locally dense populations in forest otherwise characterized by trees that form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations. The objective of this study was to compare the composition of EM fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea adults, saplings, and seedlings across sites differing in soil fertility and the amount and seasonality of rainfall. Analysis of fungal nrITS DNA (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers) revealed 115 EM fungi taxa from 234 EM root tips collected from adults, saplings, and seedlings in four sites. EM fungal communities were equally species-rich and diverse across Oreomunnea developmental stages and sites, regardless of soil conditions or rainfall patterns. However, ordination analysis revealed high compositional turnover between low and high fertility/rainfall sites located ca. 6 km apart. The EM fungal community was dominated by Russula (ca. 36 taxa). Cortinarius, represented by 14 species and previously reported to extract nitrogen from organic sources under low nitrogen availability, was found only in low fertility/high rainfall sites. Phylogenetic diversity analyses of Russula revealed greater evolutionary distance among taxa found on sites with contrasting fertility and rainfall than was expected by chance, suggesting that environmental differences among sites may be important in structuring EM fungal communities. More research is needed to evaluate whether EM fungal taxa associated with Oreomunnea form mycorrhizal networks that might account for local dominance of this tree species in otherwise diverse forest communities.

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Acknowledgments

Funding from a Tinker Summer Research Fellowship, a Francis M. and Harlie M. Clark Research support grant, a Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium Grant (University of Arizona), the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at The University of Arizona, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Short-Term Fellowship program is gratefully acknowledged. We sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Forest plot work was supported by grant COLO08-003 from the Government of Panama (SENACYT). We thank Kayla Arendt, Jana U’Ren, Katy Heath, and Pat Burke for assistance with molecular work, and Katie Heineman, Carmen Velasquez, Carlos Espinosa, and Marggie Rodriguez for their help in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA

    Adriana Corrales, Astrid Ferrer & James W. Dalling

  2. School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    A. Elizabeth Arnold

  3. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843–03092, Republic of Panama

    Benjamin L. Turner & James W. Dalling

Authors
  1. Adriana Corrales
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  2. A. Elizabeth Arnold
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  3. Astrid Ferrer
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  4. Benjamin L. Turner
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  5. James W. Dalling
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Correspondence to Adriana Corrales.

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Fig. S1

Results of maximum likelihood analysis of Russula obtained from mycorrhizal root tips (by direct PCR) and fruiting bodies in Oreomunnea mexicana-dominated stands at Fortuna, Panama (bold font) and exemplar taxa chosen as described in the text. Thickened branches indicate ≥70 % bootstrap support. Strains from root tips are annotated to indicate the life stage (seedling, sapling, adult), site (low fertility/high rainfall in blue font—HA Honda A, HB Honda B; high fertility/low rainfall in green font—HO Hornito, AF Alto Frio), name and accession number for the closest match to the sequence in GenBank, and sequencing code. Sequences from fruit bodies are annotated to indicate site (those listed previously; collections also were made at ZA, Zarceadero; see supplementary material), name and accession number for the closest match to the sequence in GenBank, and sequencing code (PDF 89 kb)

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Corrales, A., Arnold, A.E., Ferrer, A. et al. Variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in a Neotropical montane forest. Mycorrhiza 26, 1–17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-015-0641-8

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