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Insight into the development of a carbonate platform through a multi-disciplinary approach: a case study from the Upper Devonian slope deposits of Mount Freikofel (Carnic Alps, Austria/Italy)

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Abstract

The development and behavior of million year-scaled depositional sequences recorded within Palaeozoic carbonate platform has remained poorly examined. Therefore, the understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes that occur in geological past is still limited. We herein undertake a multi-disciplinary approach (sedimentology, conodont biostratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility (MS), and geochemistry) of a long-term succession in the Carnic Alps, which offers new insights into the peculiar evolution of one of the best example of Palaeozoic carbonate platform in Europe. The Freikofel section, located in the central part of the Carnic Alps, represents an outstanding succession in a fore-reef setting, extending from the Latest Givetian (indet. falsiovalis conodont zones) to the Early Famennian (Lower crepida conodont zone). Sedimentological analysis allowed to propose a sedimentary model dominated by distal slope and fore-reef-slope deposits. The most distal setting is characterized by an autochthonous pelagic sedimentation showing local occurrence of thin-bedded turbiditic deposits. In the fore-reef slope, in a more proximal setting, there is an accumulation of various autochthonous and allochthonous fine- to coarse-grained sediments originated from the interplay of gravity-flow currents derived from the shallow-water and deepwater area. The temporal evolution of microfacies in the Freikofel section evolves in two main steps corresponding to the Freikofel (Unit 1) and the Pal (Unit 2) limestones. Distal slope to fore-reef lithologies and associate changes are from base to top of the section: (U1) thick bedded litho- and bioclastic breccia beds with local fining upward sequence and fine-grained mudstone intercalations corresponding, in the fore-reef setting, to the dismantlement of the Eifelian–Frasnian carbonate platform during the Early to Late Frasnian time (falsiovalis to rhenana superzones) with one of the causes being the Late Givetian major rift pulse; (U2) occurrence of thin-bedded red nodular and cephalopod-bearing limestones with local lithoclastic grainstone intercalations corresponding to a significant deepening of the area and the progressive withdrawal of sedimentary influxes toward the basin, in relation with Late Frasnian sea-level rise. MS and geochemical analyses were also performed along the Freikofel section and demonstrate the inherent parallel link existing between variation in MS values and proxy for terrestrial input. Interpretation of MS in terms of palaeoenvironmental processes reflects that even though distality remains the major parameter influencing MS values, carbonate production and water agitation also play an important role.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is a contribution to the UNESCO International Geoscience Program (IGCP) number 580; entitled “Application of magnetic susceptibility as a palaeoclimatic proxy on Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and characterization of the magnetic signal” and number 596 (Climate change and biodiversity patterns in the Mid-Paleozoic). This study was financially supported by the Grants IGCP 580 and NAP0017 (DP, ACDS), the FWF P 23775-B17 (TS and EK). This work was supported by a PhD fellowship awarded by the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO) assigned to DDV. Philip Schnellbächer (Geognos Bertle, Austria) is thanked for providing his master thesis. The magmatic petrology laboratory of Liège University (N. Delmelle and J. Vander Auwera) is thanked for access and help on the geochemical measurement. For discussion on conodont biostratigraphy of the Freikofel area, we thank Maria Cristina Perri and Claudia Spalletta (University of Bologna, Italy). Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the two reviewers (Hans Peter Schönlaub and Claudia Spalletta) for their helpful and pertinent remarks that significantly improved the quality of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sedimentary Petrology, B20, University of Liège (ULg), Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Damien Pas, Anne-Christine Da Silva & Frédéric Boulvain

  2. Institute for Earth Sciences (Geology and Paleontology), University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 26, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Thomas Suttner & Erika Kido

  3. Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium

    Pierre Bultynck

  4. Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geologia, International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, viale Pindaro 42, 65127, Pescara, Italy

    Monica Pondrelli

  5. Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Cagliari, via Trentino 51, 09127, Cagliari, Italy

    Carlo Corradini

  6. Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    David De Vleeschouwer

  7. Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Museumsgasse 2, 9021, Klagenfurt, Austria

    Claudia Dojen

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  1. Damien Pas
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Pas, D., Da Silva, AC., Suttner, T. et al. Insight into the development of a carbonate platform through a multi-disciplinary approach: a case study from the Upper Devonian slope deposits of Mount Freikofel (Carnic Alps, Austria/Italy). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 103, 519–538 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0969-2

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