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End-Permian to mid-Triassic termination of the accretionary processes of the southern Altaids: implications for the geodynamic evolution, Phanerozoic continental growth, and metallogeny of Central Asia

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An Erratum to this article was published on 13 February 2009

Abstract

The Altaids is one of the largest accretionary orogenic collages in the world with the highest rate of Phanerozoic continental growth and significant metallogenic importance. It is widely accepted that subduction-related orogenesis of the Altaids started in the late Precambrian and gradually migrated southward (present coordinates). However, it is uncertain when and how the building of the Altaids was finally completed. Based on structural geology, geochemical, geochronological, and paleomagnetic data, this paper presents late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic accretionary tectonics of two key areas, North Xinjiang in the west and Inner Mongolia in the east, together with neighboring Mongolia. The late Paleozoic tectonics of North Xinjiang and adjacent areas were characterized by continuous southward accretion along the wide southern active margin of Siberia and its final amalgamation with the passive margin of Tarim, which may have lasted to the end-Permian to early/mid-Triassic. In contrast, in Inner Mongolia and adjacent areas two wide accretionary wedges developed along the southern active margin of Siberia and the northern active margin of the North China craton, which may have lasted to the mid-Triassic. The final products of the long-lived accretionary processes in the southern Altaids include late Paleozoic to Permian arcs, late Paleozoic to mid-Triassic accretionary wedges composed of radiolarian cherts, pillow lavas, and ophiolitic fragments, and high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Permian Alaskan-type zoned mafic-ultramafic complexes intruded along some major faults of the Tien Shan. We define a new Tarim suture zone immediately north of the Tarim craton that is probably now buried below the Tien Shan as a result of northward subduction of the Tarim block in the Cenozoic. The docking of the Tarim and North China cratons against the southern active margin of Siberia in the end-Permian to mid-Triassic resulted in the final closure of the Paleoasian Ocean and terminated the accretionary orogenesis of the southern Altaids in this part of Central Asia. This complex geodynamic evolution led to formation of giant metal deposits in Central Asia and to substantial continental growth.

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Acknowledgments

Jinyi Li, Jun Gao, Laicheng Miao, Xiaoping Long, Keda Cai, and Kenny Wong are acknowledged for collaboration and discussions. We sincerely appreciate the thorough comments, suggestions, and criticisms of four formal Journal reviewers, Cari Johnson, Dick Glen, and two anonymous ones, and of guest-editor Alfred Kröner, which substantially improved the manuscript, as did a final survey of Dick Glen and an anonymous referee, for all of which the authors are sincerely grateful. This study was financially supported by funds from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2007CB411307), National 305 Project (2007BAB25B04), and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (40725009). This paper is a contribution to the ILP (ERAs and Topo-Central Asia) and IGCP 480 projects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China

    W. J. Xiao, B. C. Huang, C. M. Han, S. Sun & J. L. Li

  2. Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    B. F. Windley

  3. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China

    C. Yuan

  4. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China

    H. L. Chen

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    M. Sun

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-009-0419-3

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Xiao, W.J., Windley, B.F., Huang, B.C. et al. End-Permian to mid-Triassic termination of the accretionary processes of the southern Altaids: implications for the geodynamic evolution, Phanerozoic continental growth, and metallogeny of Central Asia. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 98, 1189–1217 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0407-z

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