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Pharmakogenetik: Bestimmt das Gen die Wirksamkeit des Analgetikums?

Does genomics determine efficacy of analgesics?

  • Schwerpunkt: Opioide
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Neue Erkenntnisse über die Struktur des Genoms und die Entdeckung genomischer Varianten haben die genetische Diagnostik auch für komplexe und akute Erkrankungen interessant werden lassen. Fragestellungen nach einer genetischen Prädisposition für die Entwicklung von (Schmerz-)Erkrankungen und Komplikationen können mittlerweile durch Fortentwicklungen genetisch-epidemiologischer Konzepte und nicht zuletzt labortechnische Fortschritte der Genomanalyse untersucht werden. Im Bereich Schmerztherapie sind u. a. genetisch bedingte Besonderheiten der Opioidwirkung von Interesse. Künftig können Aspekte der unterschiedlichen Arzneimittelwirkung durch genetisch determinierte Varianten der Pharmakokinetik und Phramakodynamik von Analgetika (Pharmakogenetik) für die klinische Praxis an Bedeutung gewinnen.

Abstract

Recent advances in knowledge about gene structure derived from the human genome project has also revealed data on genomic variation and their possible impact on complex and acute diseases as well as pharmacotherapy. The hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for complex diseases such as pain syndromes, side effects, and adverse outcomes challenging the clinician is ready to be tested by advanced genetic-epidemiologic study designs employing the latest genotyping technology. In pain therapy, the genetic background of the efficacy of analgesics, especially of opioids, is of particular interest. Genetic differences in drug kinetics and dynamics, e.g., differences in metabolism or genetic variations of the drug target (e.g., receptors) will be of importance in the future. Pharmacogenetics can individualize pharmacotherapy and improve care by predicting the optimal dose and avoiding side effects and toxicity in individual patients.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

    U. Stamer & F. Stüber

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 , Bonn

    U. Stamer

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Stamer, U., Stüber, F. Pharmakogenetik: Bestimmt das Gen die Wirksamkeit des Analgetikums?. Schmerz 19, 372–377 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-005-0422-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-005-0422-y

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