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Spatial and phylogenetic structure of Alpine stonefly assemblages across seven habitats using DNA-species

  • Community ecology – original research
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Abstract

Stream ecosystems are spatially heterogeneous, with many different habitat patches distributed within a small area. The influence of this heterogeneity on the biodiversity of benthic insect communities is well documented; however, studies of the role of habitat heterogeneity in species coexistence and assembly remain limited. Here, we investigated how habitat heterogeneity influences spatial structure (beta biodiversity) and phylogenetic structure (evolutionary processes) of benthic stonefly (Plecoptera, Insecta) communities. We sampled 20 sites along two Alpine rivers, including seven habitats in four different reaches (headwaters, meandering, bar-braided floodplain, and lowland spring-fed). We identified 21 morphological species and delineated 52 DNA-species based on sequences from mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear ITS markers. Using DNA-species, we first analysed the patterns of variation in richness, diversity, and assemblage composition by quantifing the contribution of each reach and habitat to the overall DNA-species diversity using an additive partition analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis. Using gene-tree phylogenies, we assessed whether environmental filtering could lead to the co-occurrence of DNA-species using a two-step analysis to detect a phylogenetic signal. All four reaches significantly contributed to DNA-species richness, with the meandering reach having the highest contribution. Habitats had an effect on DNA-species diversity, where glide, riffle and, pool influenced the spatial structure of stonefly assemblage possibly due to the high habitat heterogeneity. Among the habitats, the pool showed significant phylogenetic clustering, suggesting high levels of evolutionary adaptation and strong habitat filtering. This assemblage structure may be caused by long-term stability of the habitat and the similar requirements for co-occurring species. Our study shows the importance of different habitats for the spatial and phylogenetic structure of stonefly assemblage and sheds light on the habitat-specific diversity that may help improve conservation practices.

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Availability of data and material

All sequencing data reported in this study have been deposited into GenBank (COI, MT482808—MT483088; ITS, MT504421—MT504536). The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowldedgements

We thank Paul Schmidt-Yáñez for his assistance in the field, and Micanaldo Francisco for his assistance with the figures.

Funding

MG was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) fellowship (A/09/94531) and the Japan Society of the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship (PU17908). KW was supported by a European Union Marie-Curie International Incoming Fellowship (PIIF-GA-2009–237026). MTM was partially supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellowship (L-15543). This research was supported by the JSPS (Grant Numbers: 24254003, 17H01666), the Sumitomo Electric Industries Group Corporate Social Responsibility Foundation, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, Programm Projektbezogener Personenaustausch Japan, project 57402018) and the Research Unit Program of Ehime University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Universidad Católica de La Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Maribet Gamboa

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

    Joeselle Serrana & Kozo Watanabe

  3. Center Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

    Joeselle Serrana & Kozo Watanabe

  4. Water Resources Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 6110011, Japan

    Yasuhiro Takemon

  5. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany

    Michael T. Monaghan

  6. Institut Für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Michael T. Monaghan

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  1. Maribet Gamboa
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  2. Joeselle Serrana
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  3. Yasuhiro Takemon
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Contributions

MG develop the key ideas, methodology, conducted filedwork, analyses, and wrote the manuscript. JS conducted the multivariate dispersion analysis. YT assisted in the fieldwork, and funded the research. MTM formulated ideas, assisted in the fieldwork, funded the research, and helped draft the manuscript. KW formulated ideas, assisted in the fieldwork, funded the research, and helped draft the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maribet Gamboa.

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Communicated by Bryan Brown.

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Gamboa, M., Serrana, J., Takemon, Y. et al. Spatial and phylogenetic structure of Alpine stonefly assemblages across seven habitats using DNA-species. Oecologia 201, 513–524 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05321-0

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