Abstract
The dental follicle is an ectomesenchymal tissue that surrounds developing tooth germ and that contains osteoblastic-lineage-committed stem/progenitor cells. We examined the osteogenic potential of human dental follicle cells (hDFC) by microarray analysis. We first compared the characteristics of hDFC with those of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Like hMSC, hDFC expressed stem cell markers such as STRO-1 and Notch-1 and differentiated not only into the osteoblastic lineage, but also into the adipogenic lineage. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of hDFC and hMSC that were not differentiated toward the osteogenic lineage. The expression of cell markers and growth factor receptors by hDFC and hMSC was similar, whereas the expression pattern of homeobox genes differed between hDFC and hMSC. Next, we investigated gene expression in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in hDFC cultured in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) or in growth medium (GM) for 3 and 10 days. Many genes whose expression was regulated under these conditions were functionally categorized as “transcription” genes. Osteogenic markers were up-regulated in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation, whereas neurogenic markers were down-regulated. The genes whose expression was regulated in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation were further analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways were activated in hDFC cultured in OIM for 3 days. This study indicates that the dental follicle contains stem cells and/or osteoblastic progenitor cells and is a potential cellular resource for bone regeneration therapy.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Prof. Yoshimitsu Abiko for his valuable advice and Ms. Asayo Imaoka for the oligonucleotide microarray technology (both from the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo).
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This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (c) (20592347) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Table S1
Primers used for real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (nt nucleotide number) (DOCX 43 kb)
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Aonuma, H., Ogura, N., Takahashi, K. et al. Characteristics and osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells in the human dental follicle analyzed by gene expression profiling. Cell Tissue Res 350, 317–331 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1477-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1477-6