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Diversification and distinctive structural features of S-RNase alleles in the genus Solanum

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Abstract

The multigenic and multiallelic S-locus in plants is responsible for the gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which is important to prevent the detrimental effects of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression. Several studies have discussed the importance of punctual mutations, recombination, and natural selection in the generation of allelic diversity in the S-locus. However, there has been no wide-ranging study correlating the molecular evolution and structural aspects of the corresponding proteins in Solanum. Therefore, we evaluated the molecular evolution of one gene in this locus and generated a statistically well-supported phylogenetic tree, as well as evidence of positive selection, helping us to understand the diversification of S alleles in Solanum. The three-dimensional structures of some of the proteins corresponding to the major clusters of the phylogenetic tree were constructed and subsequently submitted to molecular dynamics to stabilize the folding and obtain the native structure. The positively selected amino acid residues were predominantly located in the hyper variable regions and on the surface of the protein, which appears to be fundamental for allele specificity. One of the positively selected residues was identified adjacent to a conserved strand that is crucial for enzymatic catalysis. Additionally, we have shown significant differences in the electrostatic potential among the predicted molecular surfaces in S-RNases. The structural results indicate that local changes in the three-dimensional structure are present in some regions of the molecule, although the general structure seems to be conserved. No previous study has described such structural variations in S-RNases.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPGBM-UFRGS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Lauís Brisolara-Corrêa & Loreta Brandão de Freitas

  2. Unit of Theoretical and Computational Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Lauís Brisolara-Corrêa, Claudia Elizabeth Thompson & Cláudia Lemelle Fernandes

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  1. Lauís Brisolara-Corrêa
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  2. Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
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  3. Cláudia Lemelle Fernandes
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  4. Loreta Brandão de Freitas
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Correspondence to Loreta Brandão de Freitas.

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Communicated by C. Gebhardt.

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Brisolara-Corrêa, L., Thompson, C.E., Fernandes, C.L. et al. Diversification and distinctive structural features of S-RNase alleles in the genus Solanum . Mol Genet Genomics 290, 987–1002 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-014-0969-3

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