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Host cell proteins modulated upon Toxoplasma infection identified using proteomic approaches: a molecular rationale

  • Immunology and Host-Parasite Interactions - Review
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Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan parasite belonging to the apicomplexan phylum that infects the nucleated cells of warm-blooded hosts leading to an infectious disease known as toxoplasmosis. Apicomplexan parasites such as T. gondii can display different mechanisms to control or manipulate host cells signaling at different levels altering the host subcellular genome and proteome. Indeed, Toxoplasma is able to modulate host cell responses (especially immune responses) during infection to its advantage through both structural and functional changes in the proteome of different infected cells. Consequently, parasites can transform the invaded cells into a suitable environment for its own replication and the induction of infection. Proteomics as an applicable tool can identify such critical proteins involved in pathogen (Toxoplasma)-host cell interactions and consequently clarify the cellular mechanisms that facilitate the entry of pathogens into host cells, and their replication and transmission, as well as the central mechanisms of host defense against pathogens. Accordingly, the current paper reviews several proteins (identified using proteomic approaches) differentially expressed in the proteome of Toxoplasma-infected host cells (macrophages and human foreskin fibroblasts) and tissues (brain and liver) and highlights their plausible functions in the cellular biology of the infected cells. The identification of such modulated proteins and their related cell impact (cell responses/signaling) can provide further information regarding parasite pathogenesis and biology that might lead to a better understanding of therapeutic strategies and novel drug targets.

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Acknowledgements

PN gratefully acknowledges the support provided by Fundación La Caixa (LCF/PR/PR13/51080005) and Fundación Caja Navarra, Fundación Roviralta, Ubesol, and COST actions CA18217 (ENOVAT) and CA18218. We acknowledge Prof. Paul Miller (PhD) from the University of Navarra for language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Sajad Rashidi & Mohammadreza Karimazar

  2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain

    Carmen Vieira & Raúl Manzano-Román

  3. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran

    Reza Mansouri

  4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran

    Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh

  5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Esmaeel Ghani

  6. University of Navarra, ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    Paul Nguewa

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Rashidi, S., Vieira, C., Mansouri, R. et al. Host cell proteins modulated upon Toxoplasma infection identified using proteomic approaches: a molecular rationale. Parasitol Res 121, 1853–1865 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07541-4

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