Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Identification of a 26-kDa protein fraction as an important antigen for application in the immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Strongyloidiasis caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis typically occurs in the asymptomatic form. The definitive diagnosis is usually done by detection of larvae on fecal samples. However, as the parasite load is often low in most cases, microscopy is not usually sensitive and specific, and diagnosis becomes extremely difficult. Thus, development of reliable serological methods is imperative. In the present study, a diversity of epitopes from S. stercoralis larva were characterized by analysis of reactivity with serum samples obtained from individuals with and without the infection by using Western blot technique. A total of 91 serum samples belonging to 5 groups were analyzed. Different reactivity profiles were observed, representing recognition of proteins with molecular mass varied from 6 to 129 kDa. A protein band of approximately 26 kDa presented a high frequency of reactivity with serum samples from the strongyloidiasis patients group (18/23). Reactivity with this protein band was also observed in only 7 of 64 non-infected individuals or individuals infected with other helminthes. Reactivity with 2 other bands, 1 of approximately 33 kDa and a duplet of approximately 21 kDa, were also found in high frequency (17/23 and 9/23, respectively). However, reactivity with these bands was also observed in all the other serum groups studied. The results indicate that the 26-kDa band maybe be an important tool for the development of diagnostic techniques for strongyloidiasis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alarcón de Noya B, Colmenares C, Lanz H, Caracciolo MA, Losada S, Noya O (2000) Schistosoma mansoni: immunodiagnosis is improved by sodium metaperiodate wich reduces cross-reactivity due to glycosylated epitopes of soluble egg antigen. Exp Parasitol 95:106–112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arakaki T, Hasegawa H, Asato R, Ikeshiro T, Kinjo F, Saito A, Iwanaga M (1988) A new method to detect Strongyloides stercoralis from human stool. Jpn J Trop Med Hyg 16:11–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins NS, Conway DJ, Lindo JF, Bailey JW, Bundy DAP (1999) L3 antigen-specific antibody isotype responses in human strongyloidiasis: correlation with larval output. Parasite Immunol 21:517–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brindley PJ, Gam AA, Pearce EJ, Poindexter RW, Neva FA (1988) Antigens from the surface and excretions/secretions of the filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 28:171–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho EM, Andrade TM, Andrade, JA, Rocha H (1983) Immunological features in different clinical forms of strongyloidiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77:346–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conway DJ, Atkins NS, Lillywhite JE, Bailey JW, Robinson RD, Lindo JF, Bundy DAP, Bianco AE (1993a) Immunodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a method for increasing the specificity of the indirect ELISA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87:173–176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conway DJ, Bailey JW, Lindo JF, Robinson RD, Bundy DAP, Bianco AE (1993b) Serum IgG reactivity with 41-, 31-, and 28-kDa larval proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis in individuals with strongyloidiasis. J Infect Dis 168:784–787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conway DJ, Lindo JF, Robinson RD, Bundy DAP, Bianco AE (1994) Strongyloides stercoralis: Characterization of immunodiagnostic larval antigens. Exp Parasitol 79:99–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conway DJ, Lindo JF, Robinson RD, Bundy DAP (1995) Towards effective control of Strongyloides stercoralis. Parasitol Today 11:420–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa-Cruz JM, Madalena J, Silva DAO, Sopelete MC, Campos, DMB, Taketomi EA (2003) Heterologous antigen extract in ELISA for the detection of human IgE anti-Strongyloides stercoralis. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 45:265–268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Genta RM (1992) Dysregulation of strongyloidiasis: a new hypothesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 5:345–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genta RM, Douce RW, Walzer PD (1986) Diagnostic implications of parasitic-specific immune responses in immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 23:1099–1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genta RM, Frei DF, Linke MJ (1987) Demonstration and partial characterization of parasite-specific immunoglobulin A responses in human strongyloidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 25:1505–1510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grove D (1996) Human strongyloidiasis. Adv Parasitol 38:251–309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harada U, Mori OA (1955) A new method for culturing hookworm. Yonago Acta Med 1:177–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Wongsaroj T, Singthong S, Morakote, N (2005) Comparison of the quantitative formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique and agar plate culture for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 43:1932–1933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminsky RG (1993) Evaluation of three methods for laboratory diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Parasitol 79:277–280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi J, Hasegawa H, Soares EC, Toma H, Correia Dacal AR, Brito MC, Yamanaka A, Foli AA, Sato Y (1996) Studies on prevalence of Strongyloides infection in Holambra and Maceió, Brazil, by agar plate faecal culture method. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 38:279–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koga K, Kasuya S, Khamboonruang C, Sukavat K, Nakamura Y, Tani S, Ieda M, Tomita K, Tomita S, Hattan N (1990) An evaluation of the agar plate method for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in northern Thailand. J Trop Med Hyg 93:183–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kothary NN, Muskie JM, Mathur SC (1999) Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection. Radiographics 19:1077–1081

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindo JF, Conway DJ, Atkins NS, Bianco AE, Robinson RD, Bundy DAP (1994) Prospective evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot methods for the diagnosis of endemic Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51:175–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindo JF, Atkins NS, Lee MG, Robinson RD, Bundy DAP (1996) Parasite-specific serum IgG following successful treatment of endemic strongyloidiasis using ivermectin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:702–703

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu LX, Weller PF (1993) Strongyloidiasis and other intestinal nematode infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 7:655–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mangali A, Chaicumpa W, Nontasut P, Chantavanij P, Tapchaisri P, Viravan C (1991) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22:88–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moraes RG (1948) Contribuição para o estudo do Strongyloides stercoralis e da estrongiloidíase no Brasil. Rev Serv Público 1:507–624

    Google Scholar 

  • Neva FA, Gam AA, Burke J (1981) Comparison of larval antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for strongyloidiasis in humans. J Infect Dis 144:427–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nucci M, Portugal R, Pulcheri W, Spector N, Ferreira SB, Castro MB, Noe R, Oliveira HP (1995) Strongyloidiasis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Clin Infect Dis 21:675–677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzini CV, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Reiss E, Hajjeh R, Kaufman L, Peralta JM (1999) Evaluation of a Western blot test in an outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6:20–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues RM, Sopelete MC, Silva DAO, Cunha-Júnior JP, Taketomi EA, Costa-Cruz JM (2004) Strongyloides ratti antigenic components recognized by IgE antibodies in immunoblotting as an additional tool for improving the immunodiagnosis in human strongyloidiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99:89–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi CL, Takahashi EEH, Teixeira ALS, Barros-Mazon S, Trevisan RCG (1993) Avaliação de preparações antigênicas de Strongyloides stercoralis para o imunodiagnóstico da estrongiloidíase. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 26:83–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato Y, Inoue F, Matsuyama R, Shiroma Y (1990) Immunoblot analysis of antibodies in human strongyloidiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84:403–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato Y, Kobayashi J, Toma H, Shiroma Y (1995a) Immunodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a method for increasing the specificity of the indirect ELISA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87:173–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato Y, Kobayashi J, Toma H, Shiroma Y (1995b) Efficacy of stool examination for detection of Strongyloides infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53:248–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffel R, Nucci M, Carvalho E, Braga M, Almeida L, Portugal R, Pulcheri W (2001). The value of an immunoenzymatic test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in patients immunosuppressed by hematologic malignancies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:346–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui AA, Berk SL (2001) Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Infect Dis 33:1040–1047

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui AA, Koening NM, Sinensky M, Berk SL (1997) Strongyloides stercoralis: identification of antigens in natural human infections from endemic areas of the United States. Parasitol Res 83:655–658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva LP, Silva LP, Barcelos ISC, Passos-Lima AB, Espindola FS, Campos DMB, Costa-Cruz JM (2003) Western blotting using Strongyloides ratti antigen for the detection of IgG antibodies as confirmatory test in human strongyloidiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98:687–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sithithaworn P, Srisawangwong T, Tesana S, Daenseekaew W, Sithithaworn J, Fujimaki Y, Ando K (2003) Epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in north-east Thailand: application of the agar plate culture technique compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97:398–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira MG, Borges-Pereira J, Netizert E, Souza ML, Peralta JM (1994) Development and evaluation of an enzyme linked immunotransfer blot technique for serodiagnosis of Chagas’ disease. Trop Med Parasitol 45:309–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Uparanukraw P, Phongsri S, Morakote N (1999) Fluctuations of larval excretion in Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:967–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willcox HP, Coura JR (1991) The efficiency of Lutz, Kato–Katz and Baermann-Moraes (adapted) techniques association to the diagnosis of intestinal helminths. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 86:457–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia e, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24030210, Brazil

    Adriana P. Sudré

  2. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24030210, Brazil

    Ricardo C. Siqueira, Regina H. S. Peralta & Heloisa W. Macedo

  3. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Cx. Postal 926, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045900, Brazil

    Magali G. M. Barreto

  4. Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941590, Brazil

    José M. Peralta

Authors
  1. Adriana P. Sudré
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ricardo C. Siqueira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Magali G. M. Barreto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Regina H. S. Peralta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Heloisa W. Macedo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. José M. Peralta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José M. Peralta.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sudré, A.P., Siqueira, R.C., Barreto, M.G.M. et al. Identification of a 26-kDa protein fraction as an important antigen for application in the immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Parasitol Res 101, 1117–1123 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0596-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0596-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation