Abstract
Main conclusion
Coffea karyotype organization and evolution has been uncovered by classical cytogenetics and cytogenomics. We revisit these discoveries and present new karyotype data.
Abstract
Coffea possesses ~ 124 species, including C. arabica and C. canephora responsible for commercial coffee production. We reviewed the Coffea cytogenetics, from the first chromosome counting, encompassing the karyotype characterization, chromosome DNA content, and mapping of chromosome portions and DNA sequences, until the integration with genomics. We also showed new data about Coffea karyotype. The 2n chromosome number evidenced the diploidy of almost all Coffea, and the C. arabica tetraploidy, as well as the polyploidy of other hybrids. Since then, other genomic similarities and divergences among the Coffea have been shown by karyotype morphology, nuclear and chromosomal C-value, AT and GC rich chromosome portions, and repetitive sequence and gene mapping. These cytogenomic data allowed us to know and understand the phylogenetic relations in Coffea, as well as their ploidy level and genomic origin, highlighting the relatively recent allopolyploidy. In addition to the euploidy, the role of the mobile elements in Coffea diversification is increasingly more evident, and the comparative analysis of their structure and distribution on the genome of different species is in the spotlight for future research. An integrative look at all these data is fundamental for a deeper understanding of Coffea karyotype evolution, including the key role of polyploidy in C. arabica origin. The ‘Híbrido de Timor’, a recent natural allotriploid, is also in the spotlight for its potential as a source of resistance genes and model for plant polyploidy research. Considering this, we also present some unprecedented results about the exciting evolutionary history of these polyploid Coffea.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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We would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brasília—DF, Brazil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo (FAPES, Vitória-ES, Brazil; grants: 65942604/2014 and 82/2017), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brasília—DF, Brazil) for financial support.
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Sattler, M.C., de Oliveira, S.C., Mendonça, M.A.C. et al. Coffea cytogenetics: from the first karyotypes to the meeting with genomics. Planta 255, 112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03898-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03898-z