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Molecular aspects of zygotic embryogenesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): correlation of positive histone marks with HaWUS expression and putative link HaWUS/HaL1L

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Abstract

Main conclusion

The link HaWUS/ HaL1L , the opposite transcriptional behavior, and the decrease/increase in positive histone marks bond to both genes suggest an inhibitory effect of WUS on HaL1L in sunflower zygotic embryos.

In Arabidopsis, a group of transcription factors implicated in the earliest events of embryogenesis is the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) protein family including WUSCHEL (WUS) and other 14 WOX protein, some of which contain a conserved WUS-box domain in addition to the homeodomain. WUS transcripts appear very early in embryogenesis, at the 16-cell embryo stage, but gradually become restricted to the center of the developing shoot apical meristem (SAM) primordium and continues to be expressed in cells of the niche/organizing center of SAM and floral meristems to maintain stem cell population. Moreover, WUS has decisive roles in the embryonic program presumably promoting the vegetative-to-embryonic transition and/or maintaining the identity of the embryonic stem cells. However, data on the direct interaction between WUS and key genes for seed development (as LEC1 and L1L) are not collected. The novelty of this report consists in the characterization of Helianthus annuus WUS (HaWUS) gene and in its analysis regarding the pattern of the methylated lysine 4 (K4) of the Histone H3 and of the acetylated histone H3 during the zygotic embryo development. Also, a parallel investigation was performed for HaL1L gene since two copies of the WUS-binding site (WUSATA), previously identified on HaL1L nucleotide sequence, were able to be bound by the HaWUS recombinant protein suggesting a not described effect of HaWUS on HaL1L transcription.

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Abbreviations

ChIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

DAP:

Days after pollination

EMSA:

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay

ISH:

In situ hybridization

qPCR:

Real-time RT-PCR

RAM:

Root apical meristem

SAM:

Shoot apical meristem

WOX :

WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Mariangela Salvini

  2. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Mariangela Salvini, Marco Fambrini & Claudio Pugliesi

  3. Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Lucia Giorgetti

Authors
  1. Mariangela Salvini
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  2. Marco Fambrini
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  3. Lucia Giorgetti
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  4. Claudio Pugliesi
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Correspondence to Mariangela Salvini.

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Salvini, M., Fambrini, M., Giorgetti, L. et al. Molecular aspects of zygotic embryogenesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): correlation of positive histone marks with HaWUS expression and putative link HaWUS/HaL1L . Planta 243, 199–215 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2405-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2405-2

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