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Involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase Dζ2 in root hydrotropism through the suppression of root gravitropism

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Abstract

Root hydrotropism is the phenomenon of directional root growth toward moisture under water-deficient conditions. Although physiological and genetic studies have revealed the involvement of the root cap in the sensing of moisture gradients, and those of auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) in the signal transduction for asymmetric root elongation, the overall mechanism of root hydrotropism is still unclear. We found that the promoter activity of the Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ2 gene (PLDζ2) was localized to epidermal cells in the distal root elongation zone and lateral root cap cells adjacent to them, and that exogenous ABA enhanced the activity and extended its area to the entire root cap. Although pldζ2 mutant root caps did not exhibit a morphological phenotype in either the absence or presence of exogenous ABA, the inhibitory effect of ABA on gravitropism, which was significant in wild-type roots, was not observed in pldζ2 mutant roots. In root hydrotropism experiments, pldζ2 mutations significantly retarded or disturbed root hydrotropic responses. A drought condition similar to that used in a hydrotropism experiment enhanced the PLDζ2 promoter activity in the root cap, as did exogenous ABA. These results suggest that PLDζ2 responds to drought through ABA signaling in the root cap and accelerates root hydrotropism through the suppression of root gravitropism.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ACC:

Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

BA:

Benzyl adenine

DAG:

Day after germination

GA:

Gibberellic acid

GUS:

β-Glucuronidase

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonic acid

PLD:

Phospholipase D

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Hideyuki Takahashi (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Dr. Mie Shimojima (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan), and Dr. Hiroyuki Ohta (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan) for helpful suggestions and discussion, Mr. Teppei Moriwaki (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan) for technical advice, and Ms. Keiko Yasuda (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan) for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas; 18056012 and 20053010 to T.A.) and by Institute of Sustainability Science, Kyoto University (Exploratory Research to T.A.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan

    Yukimi Y. Taniguchi, Masatoshi Taniguchi, Tomohiko Tsuge, Atsuhiro Oka & Takashi Aoyama

  2. Institute of Sustainability Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan

    Takashi Aoyama

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  1. Yukimi Y. Taniguchi
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  2. Masatoshi Taniguchi
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  3. Tomohiko Tsuge
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Correspondence to Takashi Aoyama.

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Taniguchi, Y.Y., Taniguchi, M., Tsuge, T. et al. Involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase Dζ2 in root hydrotropism through the suppression of root gravitropism. Planta 231, 491–497 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1052-x

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