Ca²⁺ regulated K⁺ and non-selective cation channels in the basolateral membrane of rat colonic crypt base cells

Abstract

We have previously shown that a new type of K⁺ channel, present in the basolateral membrane of the colonic crypt base (blm), is necessary for cAMP-activated Cl⁻ secretion. Under basal conditions, and when stimulated by carbachol (CCH) alone, this channel is absent. In the present patch clamp-study we examined the ion channels present in the blm under cell-attached and in cell-excised conditions. In cell-attached recordings with NaCl-type solution in the pipette we measured activity of a K⁺ channel of 16 ± 0.3 pS (n = 168). The activity of this channel was sharply increased by CCH (0.1 mmol/1, n = 26). Reduction of extracellular Ca²⁺ to 0.1 mmol/1 (n = 34) led to a reversible reduction of activity of this small channel (SK_Ca). It was also inactivated by forskolin (5 μmol/l, n = 38), whilst the K⁺ channel noise caused by the very small K⁺ channel increased. Activity of non-selective cation channels (NS_cat) was rarely observed immediately prior to the loss of attached basolateral patches and routinely in excised patches. The NS_cat, with a mean conductance of 49 ± 1.0 pS (n = 96), was Ca²⁺ activated and required > 10 μmol/l Ca²⁺ (cytosolic side = cs). It was reversibly inhibited by ATP (< 1 mmol/1, n = 13) and by 3′,5-dichloro-diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (10–100 μmol/l, n = 5). SK_Ca was also Ca²⁺ dependent in excised inside-out basolateral patches. Its activity stayed almost unaltered down to 1 μmol/l (cs) and then fell sharply to almost zero at 0.1 μmol/l Ca²⁺ (cs, n = 12). SK_Ca was inhibited by Ba²⁺ (n = 31) and was charybdotoxin sensitive (1 nmol/1) in outside-out basolateral patches (n = 3). Measurements of the Ca²⁺ activity ([Ca²⁺]_i) in these cells using fura-2 indicated that forskolin and depolarization, induced by an increase in bath K⁺ concentration to 30 mmol/l, reduced [Ca²⁺]_i markedly (n = 8–10). Hyperpolarization had the opposite effect. The present data indicate that the blm of these cells contains a small-conductance Ca²⁺-sensitive K⁺ channel. This channel is activated promptly by very small increments in [Ca²⁺]_i and is inactivated by a fall in [Ca²⁺]_i induced by forskolin.