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Study of 3D printing direction and effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of MS1 maraging steel

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical properties of samples of MS1 Maraging Steel (untreated and heat treated), which were produced by additive technology in various orientations in the working area of the building machine. MS1 steel (European 1.2709 and German X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5) is well known for its high strength, high fracture toughness, good weldability, and dimensional stability during aging. The literature review, related to the mechanical properties and fracture of MS1 steel, found that there are no available studies of the effects of both building direction and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of MS1 steel. The authors decided to address this omission and present this entirely new research in this article. The uniaxial tensile tests to fracture were completed at two of the authors’ workplaces. The results were statistically assessed using Grubbs’ test for outliers, and then the data were processed using box plots to be easily comparable from the point of view of print direction, heat treatment, and the values declared by the metal powder producer or in the tables (for conventionally produced steel). Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the fracture surfaces obtained after tensile testing cylindrical samples. The results showed that there was an impact on the mechanical properties depending on the sample orientation within the same heat treatment type; there was also significant influence of heat treatment, while the possibility of the natural aging effect on mechanical properties was also noted.

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Acknowledgements

The article was prepared under project LO1502 ‘Development of the Regional Technological Institute’ under the auspices of the National Sustainability Programme I of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic aimed at supporting research, experimental development and innovation and with thanks to the direct support of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic by grant KEGA 007TUKE-4/2018 and APVV-17-0380.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with the Seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Sturova 31, Presov, Slovakia

    Katarina Monkova & Peter Monka

  2. Regional Technological Institute, West Bohemia University in Pilsen, Univerzitní 8, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Ivana Zetkova, Ludmila Kučerová, Miroslav Zetek & Milan Daňa

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  1. Katarina Monkova
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  2. Ivana Zetkova
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  3. Ludmila Kučerová
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  4. Miroslav Zetek
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  5. Peter Monka
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  6. Milan Daňa
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Correspondence to Katarina Monkova.

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Monkova, K., Zetkova, I., Kučerová, L. et al. Study of 3D printing direction and effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of MS1 maraging steel. Arch Appl Mech 89, 791–804 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00419-018-1389-3

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