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Tempol protects against intravitreous indocyanine green-induced retinal damage in rats

  • Retinal Disorders
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Indocyanine green (ICG) has been widely used as a vital dye for macular surgery. However, ICG can be toxic to retinal cells. Here we evaluate whether tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a free radical scavenger, can protect against ICG-induced retinal damage in rats.

Methods

Brown Norway rats received intravitreal injections of ICG 0.5 % or BSS as controls. Tempol (20 mg/kg BW) or PBS as a control was administered intraperitoneally 24 h and 30 min before ICG and once daily for 7 consecutive days. Tempol was detected in the retina using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. One week after ICG injections, the effects of tempol on retinal toxicity were assessed by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) back-labeling and by light microscopy. Electroretinography (ERG) was performed after 1 and 2 weeks.

Results

ICG administration reduced RGC numbers by 17 % (1,943 ± 45 vs. 2,342 ± 31 RGCs/mm2). Tempol treatment rescued RGCs in a significant manner (2,258 ± 36, p < 0.01) and diminished morphological changes detected by light microscopy. ICG-injected eyes showed a significant reduction of ERG potentials only in PBS-treated animals (Vmax 530 ± 145 µV vs. 779 ± 179 µV, p = 0.0052), but not in the tempol-treated group.

Conclusions

Tempol significantly attenuates ICG-induced toxicity in rat retinas and may therefore be considered for further evaluation as accompanying treatment in ICG-assisted chromovitrectomy.

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Acknowledgements

S. Thaler and F. Schuettauf were supported by the Neuroophthalmologische Gesellschaft, Tuebingen, Germany, in form of a research grant.

The authors want to thank Katarzyna Zawada, Warsaw, Poland, for her excellent support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Sebastian Thaler, Bogomil Voykov, Gabriel Willmann, Michal Fiedorowicz, Robert Rejdak, Florian Gekeler, Andreas Schatz & Frank Schuettauf

  2. Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Michal Fiedorowicz

  3. Tadeusz Krwawicz Chair of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical University Lublin, Lublin, Poland

    Robert Rejdak

  4. Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    C. Albrecht May

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  1. Sebastian Thaler
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Correspondence to Sebastian Thaler.

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Thaler, S., Voykov, B., Willmann, G. et al. Tempol protects against intravitreous indocyanine green-induced retinal damage in rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250, 1597–1606 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2000-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2000-1

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