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Protective effects of various antioxidants during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat retina

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Abstract

Background

Oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is thought to be a major cause of retinal injury after I/R. The present study was aimed at investigating the protective role of antioxidant application.

Methods

Four commonly used antioxidants (vitamin E=alpha tocopherol, lutein, fenugreek=Trigonella foenum-graecum and germander=Teucrium multicaule) were applied in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the right retinae of 51 adult pigmented rats. Each of the antioxidants was administered every 6 h, beginning 6 h before the ischemia. After 60 min ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, we assayed (1) oxidative damage by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), (2) apoptosis by measuring activated caspase-3 (using immunoblots), and (3) intrinsic antioxidative capacity by measuring glutathione (GSH) levels in the retinae.

Results

In the order of lutein>Trigonella>vitamin E>Teucrium, all four compounds were effective in preventing retinal damage by I/R, as (1) they significantly decreased the formation of MDA (8.83, 16.48, 17.24, 18.5 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight, respectively) compared with I/R without protection (23.29 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight; controls: 8.0 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight); (2) they significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-3 [0.01, 0.02, 0,02, and 0.04 arbitrary units (AU), respectively, versus control, 0.0, and I/R, 0.08 AU]; and (3) they significantly decelerated the loss of GSH (from control levels of 36.04 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight) to 30.4, 15.98, 18.1, 15.02 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight, respectively (lutein, Trigonella, vitamin E, Teucrium), compared with unprotected I/R (12.84 nmol/100 mg tissue wet weight).

Conclusions

Our study shows that lutein, Trigonella, Teucrium and vitamin E exert protection against in vivo retinal I/R injury in rats; this may recommend these compounds (in particular, lutein) for clinical use in patients with different types of ocular I/R injuries.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr Andreas M. Papas from Eastman Chemical Company, USA. for sending us free vitamin E forms. Thanks are due to Dr. Yousef Yafai for scanning the Western blots (assessment of caspase-3 activity).This work was supported by research grant numbers, SBAG-2698, TÜBİTAK, 180, 296 and 434, HÜBAK, Turkey, DAAD and DFG, Germany, for the prevention of blindness. AR was supported by the Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Leipzig at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universität Leipzig (project C 05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Harran University, Osmanbey Kampusu, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Nihat Dilsiz, Ayse Sahaboglu & M. Zulfu Yıldız

  2. Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Department of Neurophysiology, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, Leipzig, Germany

    Andreas Reichenbach

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  1. Nihat Dilsiz
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Correspondence to Nihat Dilsiz.

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Dilsiz, N., Sahaboglu, A., Yıldız, M.Z. et al. Protective effects of various antioxidants during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat retina. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo 244, 627–633 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-0084-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-0084-6

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