Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical heterogeneity and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of lateral flexion of the trunk in Parkinson’s disease

  • Letter to the Editors
  • Published:
Journal of Neurology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

References

  1. Di Matteo A, Fasano A, Squintani G et al (2011) Lateral trunk flexion in Parkinson’s disease: EMG features disclose two different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. J Neurol 258:740–745

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Cannas A, Solla P, Floris G et al (2005) Reversible Pisa syndrome in Parkinson’s disease during treatment with pergolide: a case report. Clin Neuropharmacol 28:252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gambarin M, Antonini A, Moretto G et al (2006) Pisa syndrome without neuroleptic exposure in a patient with Parkinson’s disease: case report. Mov Disord 21:270–273

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cannas A, Solla P, Floris G et al (2009) Reversible Pisa syndrome in patients with Parkinson’s disease on dopaminergic therapy. J Neurol 256:390–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim JS, Park JW, Chung SW et al (2007) Pisa syndrome as a motor complication of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 13:126–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Solla P, Cannas A, Congia S et al (2008) Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone-induced acute Pisa syndrome in a Parkinson’s disease patient. J Neurol Sci 275:154–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yokochi F (2006) Lateral flexion in Parkinson’s disease and Pisa syndrome. J Neurol 253(Suppl 7):S17–S20

    Google Scholar 

  8. Solla P, Cannas A, Tacconi P et al (2008) Lateral trunk flexion and Pisa syndrome in Parkinson’s disease. Are they really always different conditions although denoting similar features? J Neurol 255:450–451

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ekbom K, Lindholm H, Ljungberg L (1972) New dystonic syndrome associated with butyrophenone therapy. Z Neurol 202:94–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H (2002) Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 16:165–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Villarejo A, Camacho A, García-Ramos R et al (2003) Cholinergic-dopaminergic imbalance in Pisa syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 26:119–121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Remington GJ (1988) The Pisa syndrome: possible role for serotonin and noradrenaline. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8:228–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Melamed E, Djaldetti R (2006) Camptocormia in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 253(Suppl 7):S14–S16

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurology Department, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK

    Eduardo de Pablo-Fernández

  2. Neurology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Avda Córdoba s/n., 28041, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Villarejo-Galende

Authors
  1. Eduardo de Pablo-Fernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alberto Villarejo-Galende
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo de Pablo-Fernández.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Pablo-Fernández, E., Villarejo-Galende, A. Clinical heterogeneity and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of lateral flexion of the trunk in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 259, 771–772 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6256-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6256-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation