Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

S. pombe linear elements: the modest cousins of synaptonemal complexes

  • Review
  • Published:
Chromosoma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) are not formed during meiotic prophase in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Instead, so-called linear elements (LinEs) are formed at the corresponding stages. LinEs are remarkable in that their number does not correspond to the number of chromosomes or bivalents and that the changes in their organisation during prophase do not evidently reflect the pairing of chromosomes. Yet, LinEs are necessary for full meiotic pairing levels and for meiotic recombination. In this review, the composition of LinEs, their evolutionary relationship to SCs and their possible functions are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Axial elements are the cores of meiotic chromosomes, which, once connected by the transversal filaments, are called lateral elements.

  2. Bähler et al. (1993) introduced the classification I, IIa and IIb for threads, networks and bundles, respectively, and a class III for late-appearing long threads. Lorenz et al. (2004) further divided class I into class Ia and class Ib to discriminate dot-shaped and elongated LinEs. For simplicity, this classification is not followed here.

References

  • Anderson LK, Royer SM, Page SL, McKim KS, Lai A, Lilly MA, Hawley RS (2005) Juxtaposition of C(2)M and the transverse filament protein C(3)G within the central region of Drosophila synaptonemal complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:4482–4487

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bähler J, Wyler T, Loidl J, Kohli J (1993) Unusual nuclear structures in meiotic prophase of fission yeast: a cytological analysis. J Cell Biol 121:241–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailis JM, Roeder GS (1998) Synaptonemal complex morphogenesis and sister-chromatid cohesion require Mek1-dependent phosphorylation of a meiotic chromosomal protein. Genes Dev 12:3551–3563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop DK, Zickler D (2004) Early decision: meiotic crossover interference prior to stable strand exchange and synapsis. Cell 117:9–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blat Y, Protacio RU, Hunter N, Kleckner N (2002) Physical and functional interactions among basic chromosome organizational features govern early steps of meiotic chiasma formation. Cell 111:1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdanov YF, Dadashev SY, Grishaeva TM (2002) Comparative genomics and proteomics of Drosophila, Brenner’s nematode, and Arabidopsis: identification of functionally similar genes and proteins of meiotic chromosome synapsis. Russ J Genet 38:908–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Börner GV, Kleckner N, Hunter N (2004) Crossover/noncrossover differentiation, synaptonemal complex formation, and regulatory surveillance at the leptotene/zygotene transition of meiosis. Cell 117:29–45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cai X, Dong FG, Edelmann RE, Makaroff CA (2003) The Arabidopsis SYN1 cohesin protein is required for sister chromatid arm cohesion and homologous chromosome pairing. J Cell Sci 116:2999–3007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervantes MD, Farah JA, Smith GR (2000) Meiotic DNA breaks associated with recombination in S. pombe. Mol Cell 5:883–888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YK, Leng CH, Olivares H, Lee MH, Chang YC, Kung WM, Ti SC, Lo YH, Wang AHJ, Chang CS, Bishop DK, Hsueh YP, Wang TF (2004) Heterodimeric complexes of Hop2 and Mnd1 function with Dmc1 to promote meiotic homolog juxtaposition and strand assimilation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10572–10577

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chikashige Y, Ding D-Q, Funabiki H, Haraguchi T, Mashiko S, Yanagida M, Hiraoka Y (1994) Telomere-led premeiotic chromosome movement in fission yeast. Science 264:270–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chikashige Y, Ding D-Q, Imai Y, Yamamoto M, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y (1997) Meiotic nuclear reorganization: switching the position of centromeres and telomeres in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J 16:193–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chikashige Y, Kurokawa R, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y (2004) Meiosis induced by inactivation of Pat1 kinase proceeds with aberrant nuclear positioning of centromeres in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genes Cells 9:671–684

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JP, Watanabe Y, Nurse P (1998) Fission yeast Taz1 protein is required for meiotic telomere clustering and recombination. Nature 392:828–831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darlington CD (1931) Meiosis. Biol Rev 6:221–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis L, Barbera M, McDonnell A, McIntyre K, Sternglanz R, Jin Q, Loidl J, Engebrecht J (2001) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MUM2 gene interacts with the DNA replication machinery and is required for meiotic levels of double strand breaks. Genetics 157:1179–1189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de los Santos T, Hollingsworth NM (1999) Red1p, a MEK1-dependent phosphoprotein that physically interacts with Hop1p during meiosis in yeast. J Biol Chem 274:1783–1790

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding D-Q, Yamamoto A, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y (2004) Dynamics of homologous chromosome pairing during meiotic prophase in fission yeast. Dev Cell 6:329–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egel-Mitani M, Olson LW, Egel R (1982) Meiosis in Aspergillus nidulans: another example for lacking synaptonemal complexes in the absence of crossover interference. Hereditas 97:179–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eijpe M, Offenberg H, Jessberger R, Revenkova E, Heyting C (2003) Meiotic cohesin REC8 marks the axial elements of rat synaptonemal complexes before cohesins SMC1β and SMC3. J Cell Biol 160:657–670

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellermeier C, Smith GR (2005) Cohesins are required for meiotic DNA breakage and recombination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10952–10957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher HL (1981) A search for synaptonemal complexes in Ustilago maydis. J Cell Sci 50:171–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin AE, McElver J, Sunjevaric I, Rothstein R, Bowen B, Cande WZ (1999) Three-dimensional microscopy of the Rad51 recombination protein during meiotic prophase. Plant Cell 11:809–824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fung JC, Rockmill B, Odell M, Roeder GS (2004) Imposition of crossover interference through the nonrandom distribution of synapsis initiation complexes. Cell 116:795–802

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein P (1987) Multiple synaptonemal complexes (polycomplexes): origin, structure and function. Cell Biol Int Rep 11:759–796

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • González-Barrera S, Cortés-Ledesma F, Wellinger RE, Aguilera A (2003) Equal sister chromatid exchange is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in yeast. Mol Cell 11:1661–1671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gregan J, Rabitsch PK, Sakem B, Csutak O, Latypov V, Lehmann E, Kohli J, Nasmyth K (2005) Novel genes required for meiotic chromosome segregation are identified by a high-throughput knockout screen in fission yeast. Curr Biol 15:1663–1669

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haldane JBS (1931) The cytological basis of genetical interference. Cytologia 3:54–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirata A, Tanaka K (1982) Nuclear behavior during conjugation and meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Gen Appl Microbiol 28:263–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth NM, Ponte L (1997) Genetic interactions between HOP1, RED1 and MEK1 suggest that MEK1 regulates assembly of axial element components during meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 147:33–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth NM, Goetsch L, Byers B (1990) The HOP1 gene encodes a meiosis-specific component of yeast chromosomes. Cell 61:73–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth NM, Ponte L, Halsey C (1995) MSH5, a novel MutS homolog, facilitates meiotic reciprocal recombination between homologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not mismatch repair. Genes Dev 9:1728–1739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadyk LC, Hartwell LH (1992) Sister chromatids are preferred over homologs as substrates for recombinational repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 132:387–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kateneva A, Konovchenko AA, Guacci V, Dresser ME (2005) Recombination protein Tid1p controls resolution of cohesin-dependent linkages in meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 171:241–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitajima TS, Yokobayashi S, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y (2003) Distinct cohesin complexes organize meiotic chromosome domains. Science 300:1152–1155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein F, Mahr P, Galova M, Buonomo SBC, Michaelis C, Nairz K, Nasmyth K (1999) A central role for cohesins in sister chromatid cohesion, formation of axial elements, and recombination during yeast meiosis. Cell 98:91–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli J, Bähler J (1994) Homologous recombination in fission yeast—absence of crossover interference and synaptonemal complex. Experientia 50:295–306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loidl J, Scherthan H (2004) Organization and pairing of meiotic chromosomes in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Sci 117:5791–5801

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loidl J, Klein F, Scherthan H (1994) Homologous pairing is reduced but not abolished in asynaptic mutants of yeast. J Cell Biol 125:1191–1200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz A, Wells JL, Pryce DW, Novatchkova M, Eisenhaber F, McFarlane RJ, Loidl J (2004) S. pombe meiotic linear elements contain proteins related to synaptonemal complex components. J Cell Sci 117:3343–3351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz A, Estreicher A, Kohli J, Loidl J (2006) Meiotic recombination proteins localize to linear elements in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Chromosoma DOI 10.1007/s00412-006-0053-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire MP (1988) Crossover site determination and interference. J Theor Biol 134:565–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malone RE, Pittman DL, Nau JJ (1997) Examination of the intron in the meiosis-specific recombination gene REC114 in Saccharomyces. Mol Gen Genet 255:410–419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcon E, Moens PB (2005) The evolution of meiosis: recruitment and modification of somatic DNA-repair proteins. Bioessays 27:795–808

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar M, Bähler J, Sipiczki M, Kohli M (1995) The rec8 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is involved in linear element formation, chromosome pairing and sister-chromatid cohesion during meiosis. Genetics 141:61–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar M, Parisi S, Kakihara Y, Nojima H, Yamamoto A, Hiraoka Y, Bozsik A, Sipiczki M, Kohli J (2001) Characterization of rec7, an early meiotic recombination gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 157:519–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar M, Doll E, Yamamoto A, Hiraoka Y, Kohli J (2003) Linear element formation and their role in meiotic sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome pairing. J Cell Sci 116:1719–1731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munz P (1994) An analysis of interference in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 137:701–707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabeshima K, Kakihara Y, Hiraoka Y, Nojima H (2001) A novel meiosis-specific protein of fission yeast, Meu13p, promotes homologous pairing independently of homologous recombination. EMBO J 20:3871–3881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabeshima K, Villeneuve AM, Hillers KJ (2004) Chromosome-wide regulation of meiotic crossover formation in Caenorhabditis elegans requires properly assembled chromosome axes. Genetics 168:1275–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimmo ER, Pidoux AL, Perry PE, Allshire RC (1998) Defective meiosis in telomere-silencing mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 392:825–828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu H, Wan L, Baumgartner B, Schaefer D, Loidl J, Hollingsworth NM (2005) Partner choice during meiosis is regulated by Hop1-promoted dimerization of Mek1. Mol Biol Cell 16:5804–5818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niwa O, Shimanuki M, Miki F (2000) Telomere-led bouquet formation facilitates homologous chromosome pairing and restricts ectopic interaction in fission yeast meiosis. EMBO J 19:3831–3840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Öllinger R, Alsheimer M, Benavente R (2005) Mammalian protein SCP1 forms synaptonemal complex-like structures in the absence of meiotic chromosomes. Mol Biol Cell 16:212–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olson LW, Edén U, Mitani ME, Egel R (1978) Asynaptic meiosis in fission yeast? Hereditas 89:189–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page SL, Hawley RS (2001) c(3)G encodes a Drosophila synaptonemal complex protein. Genes Dev 15:3130–3143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Page SL, Hawley RS (2004) The genetics and molecular biology of the synaptonemal complex. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:525–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi S, McKay MJ, Molnar M, Thompson MA, van der Spek PJ, van Drunen-Schoenmaker E, Kanaar R, Lehmann E, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Kohli J (1999) Rec8p, a meiotic recombination and sister chromatid cohesion phosphoprotein of the Rad21p family conserved from fission yeast to humans. Mol Cell Biol 19:3515–3528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasierbek P, Jantsch M, Melcher M, Schleiffer A, Schweizer D, Loidl J (2001) A Caenorhabditis elegans cohesion protein with functions in meiotic chromosome pairing and disjunction. Genes Dev 15:1349–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peoples-Holst TL, Burgess SM (2005) Multiple branches of the meiotic recombination pathway contribute independently to homolog pairing and stable juxtaposition during meiosis in budding yeast. Genes Dev 19:863–874

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Hidalgo L, Moreno S, San-Segundo PA (2003) Regulation of meiotic progression by the meiosis-specific checkpoint kinase Mek1 in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 116:259–271

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petronczki M, Siomos MF, Nasmyth K (2003) Un ménage à quatre: the molecular biology of chromosome segregation in meiosis. Cell 112:423–440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramesh MA, Malik S-B, Logsdon JM Jr (2005) A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes: evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis. Curr Biol 15:185–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rockmill B, Roeder S (1988) RED1: a yeast gene required for the segregation of chromosomes during the reductional division of meiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:6057–6061

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rockmill B, Roeder S (1991) A meiosis-specific protein kinase homolog required for chromosome synapsis and recombination. Genes Dev 5:2392–2404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roeder GS (1997) Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango. Genes Dev 11:2600–2621

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito TT, Tougan T, Okuzaki D, Kasama T, Nojima H (2005) Mcp6, a meiosis-specific coiled-coil protein of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, localizes to the spindle pole body and is required for horsetail movement and recombination. J Cell Sci 118:447–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherthan H, Bähler J, Kohli J (1994) Dynamics of chromosome organization and pairing during meiotic prophase in fission yeast. J Cell Biol 127:273–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada M, Nabeshima K, Tougan T, Nojima H (2002) The meiotic recombination checkpoint is regulated by checkpoint rad + genes in fission yeast. EMBO J 21:2807–2818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinohara A, Shinohara M (2004) Roles of RecA homologues Rad51 and Dmc1 during meiotic recombination. Cytogenet Genome Res 107:201–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AV, Roeder GS (1997) The yeast Red1 protein localizes to the cores of meiotic chromosomes. J Cell Biol 136:957–967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smithies O, Powers PA (1986) Gene conversions and their relation to homologous chromosome pairing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 312:291–302

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner WW, Schreckhise RW, Smith GR (2002) Meiotic DNA breaks at the S. pombe recombination hot spot M26. Mol Cell 9:847–855

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung P, Krejci L, Van Komen S, Sehorn MG (2003) Rad51 recombinase and recombination mediators. J Biol Chem 278:42729–42732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda A, Bähler J, Kohli J (1995) Microtubule-driven nuclear movements and linear elements as meiosis-specific characteristics of the fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces versatilis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Chromosoma 104:203–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Hao ZL, Kai M, Okayama H (2001) Establishment and maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in fission yeast by a unique mechanism. EMBO J 20:5779–5790

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Kohda T, Yamashita A, Nonaka N, Yamamoto M (2005) Hrs1p/Mcp6p on the meiotic SPB organizes astral microtubule arrays for oscillatory nuclear movement. Curr Biol 15:1479–1486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Heemst D, Käfer E, John T, Heyting C, Van Aalderen M, Zickler D (2001) BimD/SPO76 is at the interface of cell cycle progression, chromosome morphogenesis, and recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:6267–6272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve AM, Hillers KJ (2001) Whence meiosis? Cell 106:647–650

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang SW, Read RL, Norbury CJ (2002) Fission yeast Pds5 is required for accurate chromosome segregation and for survival after DNA damage or metaphase arrest. J Cell Sci 115:587–598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe Y, Nurse P (1999) Cohesin Rec8 is required for reductional chromosome segregation at meiosis. Nature 400:461–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wettstein D, Rasmussen SW, Holm PB (1984) The synaptonemal complex in genetic segregation. Annu Rev Genet 18:331–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe J, Hunter B, Adair WS (1976) A cytological study of micronuclear elongation during conjugation in Tetrahymena. Chromosoma 55:289–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto A, Hiraoka Y (2001) How do meiotic chromosomes meet their homologous partners?: lessons from fission yeast. Bioessays 23:526–533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto A, Hiraoka Y (2003) Monopolar spindle attachment of sister chromatids is ensured by two distinct mechanisms at the first meiotic division in fission yeast. EMBO J 22:2284–2296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto A, West RR, McIntosh JR, Hiraoka Y (1999) A cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain is required for oscillatory nuclear movement of meiotic prophase and efficient meiotic recombination in fission yeast. J Biol 145:1233–1249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto A, Tsutsumi C, Kojima H, Oiwa K, Hiraoka Y (2001) Dynamic behavior of microtubules during dynein-dependent nuclear migrations of meiotic prophase in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 12:3933–3946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokobayashi S, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y (2003) Cohesins determine the attachment manner of kinetochores to spindle microtubules at meiosis I in fission yeast. Mol Cell Biol 23:3965–3973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young JA, Schreckhise RW, Steiner WW, Smith GR (2002) Meiotic recombination remote from prominent DNA break sites in S. pombe. Mol Cell 9:253–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young JA, Hyppa RW, Smith GR (2004) Conserved and nonconserved proteins for meiotic DNA breakage and repair in yeasts. Genetics 167:593–605

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zickler D, Kleckner N (1999) Meiotic chromosomes: integrating structure and function. Annu Rev Genet 33:603–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Anna Estreicher, Yasushi Hiraoka, Jürg Kohli, Alexander Lorenz and Ramsay McFarlane for communicating unpublished results, and I wish to thank Alexander Lorenz and Maria Siomos for critical reading and useful comments on the manuscript. Support by the Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, is gratefully acknowledged. Work in my lab is supported by grants from the Austrian Science Fund.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria

    Josef Loidl

Authors
  1. Josef Loidl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Josef Loidl.

Additional information

Communicated by R. Benavente

The synaptonemal complex – 50 years

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Loidl, J. S. pombe linear elements: the modest cousins of synaptonemal complexes. Chromosoma 115, 260–271 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-006-0047-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-006-0047-7

Keywords