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Deformation-enhanced reaction in experimentally deformed plagioclase-olivine aggregates

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Abstract

The effects of deformation on the kinetics of the net-transfer reaction anorthite + forsterite → cpx + opx + spinel ± gt were studied using static and shear deformation experiments. Experiments were performed on dry anorthite-olivine (An92–Fo93) samples at 900°C and pressures between 1,000 and 1,600 MPa in a Griggs apparatus. Deformed (‘non-hydrostatic’) and undeformed (‘static’) samples are compared in terms of phase petrology, reaction rate and reaction mechanisms. Anorthite + olivine reactions are diffusion-controlled as seen from reaction rim structures. In undeformed samples, delayed reaction onset and low reaction rates demonstrate sluggish nucleation of reaction products and slow rates of diffusion at dry conditions, even at 700–900 MPa confining pressure overstepping. The reaction rate is enhanced in deformed An–Fo samples. The higher rate is mainly attributed to a combination of high stresses and viscous deformation processes of the reactants and products, which cause an increase in the nucleation rate of products. The results imply that viscous deformation processes alone can be responsible for the initiation and localisation of metamorphic reactions in dry rocks in the absence of fluid infiltration.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Georg Dresen and an anonymous reviewer for their extensive and constructive reviews. We gratefully acknowledge Jan Tullis and Renée Heilbronner for their help with improving the manuscript. We thank Ralph Milke and Rainer Abart for discussion on diffusion-controlled reactions. Christian de Capitani and Phillipe Hunziker are thanked for their help with petrological calculations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    A. A. de Ronde

  2. Department of Geosciences, Basel University, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    H. Stünitz

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  1. A. A. de Ronde
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Correspondence to A. A. de Ronde.

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Communicated by T. L. Grove.

A. A. de Ronde was supported by the Swiss National Fond grants 2100-057092.99 and 2000-065041.01.

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de Ronde, A., Stünitz, H. Deformation-enhanced reaction in experimentally deformed plagioclase-olivine aggregates. Contrib Mineral Petrol 153, 699–717 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0171-7

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