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Experimental study of a low-alkali tholeiite at 1–5 kbar: optimal condition for the crystallization of high-An plagioclase in hydrous arc tholeiite

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Abstract

We conducted melting experiments on a low-alkali tholeiite (SiO2 ~52 wt%, MgO ~6.5 wt%, CaO/Na2O~4.4, Al2O3/SiO2 ~0.33) under both H2O-undersaturated and H2O-saturated conditions to investigate the effect of H2O on the Ca–Na partitioning between plagioclase and melt. Experiments were performed in the temperature and pressure ranges of 1,000–1,300°C and 1–5 kbar, respectively, with varying H2O contents of 0–12wt%. Redox condition was 0–2 log unit above NNO (nickel–nickel oxide) buffer. Temperature-bulk H2O diagrams for the low-alkali tholeiite are constructed at 1, 2, and 5 kbar, and compositions of near-liquidus plagioclase and coexisting melt are determined. To exclude the effect of melt composition (CaO/Na2O and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios) on plagioclase composition and to reveal the effect of H2O on An (=100×Ca/(Ca+Na)) content and \(K_{D}^{{\rm Ca-Na}}\) (=(Ca/Na)pl/(Ca/Na)melt), we focused on the composition of near-liquidus plagioclases which crystallized from melts with nearly constant CaO/Na2O and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios. Our experimental results show that, at each experimental pressure, An content of the near-liquidus plagioclase and the K Ca-Na D almost linearly increases as H2O content in melt increases. Each of the An content and the \(K_{D}^{{\rm Ca-Na}}\) variations in a low-alkali tholeiitic system (CaO/Na2O~4.0–4.5, Al2O3/SiO2 ~0.27–0.33) can be described by one equation using temperature, pressure, and melt H2O content as parameters. An content and \(K_{D}^{{\rm Ca-Na}}\) of liquidus plagioclase increases with increasing melt H2O and with decreasing pressure, elucidating that nearly H2O-saturated conditions of 2–3 kbar is optimal for the crystallization of the most An-rich plagioclase (>An88). We suggest this pressure condition of 2–3 kbar, corresponding to depth of 7–11 km, plays an important role for the origin of An-rich plagioclase in H2O-rich low-alkali tholeiite. At pressures more than ca. 4 kbar, crystallization of liquidus Ca-rich clinopyroxene decreases the CaO/Na2O ratio of liquid, thus prohibiting the crystallization of high-An plagioclase from hydrous tholeiite.

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Acknowledgements

This paper formed a part of D. Takagi’s Master thesis at Kobe University, Japan. We thank Dr. Toru Sugawara for valuable discussion and constructive review on an early version of the manuscript. Journal reviews of Prof. John Longhi and an anonymous reviewer, and editorial suggestions by Prof. Tim Grove were of much help to improve the contents of the paper. We are indebted to Profs. K. Uto, K. Suzuki-Kamata and all the members of Volcanology Group at Kobe University for constructive discussions and encouragement throughout this study. The technical assistance of Mr. K. Sangen during high-pressure experiments with piston cylinder and of N. Tomioka during the EPMA analyses are acknowledged. This work was financially supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to H. Sato.

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  1. Daisuke Takagi

    Present address: Sanbonmatsu High School, Sanbonmatsu, Higashi-Kagawa, 769-2601, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Daisuke Takagi

  2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Hiroaki Sato

  3. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Mitsuhiro Nakagawa

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  1. Daisuke Takagi
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Correspondence to Hiroaki Sato.

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Takagi, D., Sato, H. & Nakagawa, M. Experimental study of a low-alkali tholeiite at 1–5 kbar: optimal condition for the crystallization of high-An plagioclase in hydrous arc tholeiite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 149, 527–540 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0666-7

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