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Evolution of a tourmaline-bearing lawsonite eclogite from the Elekdağ area (Central Pontides, N Turkey): evidence for infiltration of slab-derived B-rich fluids during exhumation

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Abstract

An undated high-pressure low-temperature tectonic mélange in the Elekdağ area (central Pontides, N Turkey) comprises blocks of MORB-derived lawsonite eclogite within a sheared serpentinite matrix. In their outer shells, some of the eclogite blocks contain large (up to 6 cm) tourmaline crystals. ‘Prograde’ inclusions in poikiloblastic garnet from a well-preserved eclogite block are lawsonite, epidote/clinozoisite, omphacite, rutile, glaucophane, chlorite, Ba-bearing phengite, minor actinolite, winchite and quartz. In addition, glaucophane, lawsonite and rutile occur as inclusions in omphacite. These inclusion assemblages document the transition from a garnet-lawsonite-epidote-bearing blueschist to a lawsonite eclogite with the peak assemblage garnet + omphacite I + lawsonite + rutile. Peak metamorphic conditions are not well-constrained but are estimated approximately 400–430°C and >1.35 GPa, based on Fe–Mg exchange between garnet and omphacite and the coexistence of lawsonite + omphacite + rutile. During exhumation of the eclogite–serpentinite mélange in the hanging wall of a subduction system, infiltration of B-rich aqueous fluids into the rims of eclogite blocks caused retrogressive formation of abundant chlorite, titanite and albite, followed by growth of tourmaline at the expense of chlorite. At the same time, omphacite I (XJd=0.24–0.44) became unstable and partially replaced by omphacite II characterized by higher XJd (0.35–0.48), suggesting a relatively low silica activity in the infiltrating fluid. Apart from Fe-rich rims developed at the contact to chlorite, tourmaline crystals are nearly homogeneous. Their compositions correspond to Na-rich dravite, perhaps with a small amount of excess (tetrahedral) boron (~5.90 Si and 3.10 B cations per 31 anions). δ11 B values range from −2.2 to +1.7‰. The infiltrating fluids were most probably derived from subducting altered oceanic crust and sediments.

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Acknowledgements

This paper benefited from discussions with Aral I. Okay, Timur Ustaömer, Cüneyt Şen, Muharrem Satır and Cemal Göncüoğlu on the geology of the Pontides. Constructive and valuable reviews by Reiner Klemd and Johann G. Raith helped to substantially improve the manuscript. We thank Murat Kayıkçı for cutting the rock slices, Ilona Fin and Oliver Wienand for preparing high quality polished thin sections, and Hans-Peter Meyer and Alexander Varychev for assistance during EPMA and SEM work. The companionship of Abdurrahman Dokuz during field work is greatly appreciated.

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  1. Institute of Mineralogy, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Rainer Altherr, Horst Marschall, Thomas Zack & Thomas Ludwig

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Black Sea Technical University (KTÜ), 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Gültekin Topuz

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  1. Rainer Altherr
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Altherr, R., Topuz, G., Marschall, H. et al. Evolution of a tourmaline-bearing lawsonite eclogite from the Elekdağ area (Central Pontides, N Turkey): evidence for infiltration of slab-derived B-rich fluids during exhumation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 148, 409–425 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-004-0611-1

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