Abstract
Purpose
This paper aimed to assess the association between AMH with dietary intake of adult women referred to the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht, Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on 234 adult women referred to the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital, Rasht, Iran. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their AMH levels. Participants' data on lifestyle and anthropometry as well as blood samples were collected. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Results
Serum AMH concentration was negatively associated with the intake of fast foods (P = 0.002) and saturated fats (P = 0.040). These associations remained significant after adjustments for age, rural or urban location, and education. Additional adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity did not change the results. The results remained significant after further adjustments for menstrual age, menstrual pattern, and oral contraceptive pills.
Conclusion
Fast foods and saturated fats were significantly associated with lower AMH concentrations and modifying the amount of these dietary components may be an important strategy for increasing the reservation of ovaries in women. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data supporting the results of our article will be made available from the corresponding author on reasonable request without undue reservations.
Abbreviations
- AMH:
-
Anti-Müllerian hormone
- PCOS:
-
Polycystic ovary syndrome
- OR:
-
Ovarian reserve
- OHSS:
-
Ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome
- FF:
-
Follicular fluid
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- DASH:
-
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
- ml:
-
Millimeters
- RPM:
-
Revolutions per minute
- °C:
-
Degrees Celsius
- ELISA:
-
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- kg/m2 :
-
Kilogram per meter square
- OCPs:
-
Oral contraceptive pills
- IPAQ:
-
International physical activity questionnaire
- FFQ:
-
Food frequency questionnaire
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- F:
-
Frequency
- P:
-
Probability
- MUFAs:
-
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids
- PUFAs:
-
Poly-unsaturated fatty acids
- FO:
-
Fish oil
- WGO:
-
Wheat-germ oil
- ANCOVA:
-
Analysis of covariance
- USDA:
-
United States Department of Agriculture
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- DPA:
-
Docosapentaenoic acid
- EPA:
-
Eicosapentaenoic acid
References
Ma Y et al (2019) Effects of environmental contaminants on fertility and reproductive health. J Environ Sci 77:210–217
Zeren F, Gürsoy E, Çolak E (2019) The quality of life and dyadic adjustment of couples receiving infertility treatment. Afr J Reprod Health 23(1):117–127
SafaeiNezhad A et al (2017) Reproductive variables and correlation between irrational parenthood cognition and destructive behaviors of marital relationship in infertile women. Prevent Care Nurs Midwife J 7(3):1–8
Taebi M, Simbar M, Abdolahian S (2018) Psychological empowerment strategies in infertile women: a systematic review. J Edu Health Promot 7(1):68
Alamri AA et al (2020) Causes and risk factors of infertility among women of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia: a hospital-based study. Int J Med Develop Ctries 4(3):1–7
Golfakhabadi F, Abdevand ZZ, Tansaz M (2020) Evaluation of flatulence of Uterus (Nafkhat-ol-rahem) as One of the Causes of Infertility in Women from the Viewpoint of Ali ibn Abbas Ahvazi and Modern Medicine. J Contemp Sci 6(3):95–102
Moini A et al (2019) The effect of weight loss program on serum anti-Müllerian hormone level in obese and overweight infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 35(2):119–123
O’Brien Y, Kelleher C, Wingfield M (2020) “So what happens next?” exploring the psychological and emotional impact of anti-Mullerian hormone testing. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 41(1):30–37
Shahrokhi SZ, Kazerouni F, Ghaffari F (2018) Anti-Müllerian hormone: genetic and environmental effects. Clin Chim Acta 476:123–129
Moslehi N et al (2017) Current evidence on associations of nutritional factors with ovarian reserve and timing of menopause: a systematic review. Adv Nutr 8(4):597–612
Wang S et al (2018) Discordant anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): which one is the better predictor for live birth? J Ovarian Res 11(1):60
Fortner RT et al (2017) Anti-Mullerian hormone and endometrial cancer: a multi-cohort study. Br J Cancer 117(9):1412–1418
Kruszyńska A, Słowińska-Srzednicka J (2017) Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a good predictor of time of menopause. Menopause Rev 16(2):47
Nawaz M et al (2018) Genomic heritability and genome-wide association analysis of anti-Müllerian hormone in Holstein dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 101(9):8063–8075
Bernardi LA et al (2017) Relationship between obesity and anti-Müllerian hormone in reproductive-aged African American women. Obesity 25(1):229–235
Anderson C et al (2018) Dietary factors and serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations in late premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 110(6):1145–1153
Wu X et al (2020) Improvement of anti-Müllerian hormone and oxidative stress through regular exercise in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hormones 20(2):339–345
Ramezani Tehrani F et al (2020) Improving prediction of age at menopause using multiple Anti-Müllerian Hormone measurements: the Tehran lipid-glucose study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(5):1589–1598
Asada Y et al (2017) Age-specific serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in Japanese women and its usefulness as a predictor of the ovarian response. Reprod Med Biol 16(4):364–373
Jung S et al (2017) Demographic, lifestyle, and other factors in relation to antimüllerian hormone levels in mostly late premenopausal women. Fertil Steril 107(4):1012-1022.e2
Patel S (2018) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an inflammatory, systemic, lifestyle endocrinopathy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 182:27–36
Dolleman M et al (2013) Reproductive and lifestyle determinants of anti-Müllerian hormone in a large population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(5):2106–2115
Sowers MR et al (2010) Relating smoking, obesity, insulin resistance and ovarian biomarker changes to the final menstrual period (FMP). Ann N Y Acad Sci 1204:95
Asanidze E et al (2019) The value of anti-Mullerian hormone in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Gynecol Endocrinol 35(11):974–977
Kalem Z et al (2019) The relationship between the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, vaspin, visfatin, and the patterns of nutrition and menstruation in non-polycystic ovary syndrome and non-obese young women. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 46(2):258–264
Al-Eisa E, Gabr SA, Alghadir AH (2017) Effects of supervised aerobic training on the levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and adiposity measures in women with normo-ovulatory and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pak Med Assoc 67(4):499–507
Foroozanfard F et al (2017) The effects of DASH diet on weight loss, anti-Müllerian hormone and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 87(1):51–58
Moslehi N et al (2019) Do dietary intakes influence the rate of decline in anti-Mullerian hormone among eumenorrheic women? A population-based prospective investigation. Nutr J 18(1):83
Dennis NA et al (2017) Acute supplementation with high dose Vitamin D3 increases serum Anti-Mullerian hormone in young women. Nutrients 9(7):719
Dastorani M et al (2018) The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and gene expression of insulin and lipid metabolism in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome candidates for in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 16(1):94
Hager M et al (2019) The impact of a standardized micronutrient supplementation on PCOS-typical parameters: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 300(2):455–460
De Carli E et al (2018) Dietary iron bioavailability: agreement between estimation methods and association with serum ferritin concentrations in women of childbearing age. Nutrients 10(5):650
McGowan L et al (2020) Exploring preconception health beliefs amongst adults of childbearing age in the UK: a qualitative analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20(1):41
Alharbi MS et al (2019) Knowledge and attitude about emergency contraception among Saudi women of childbearing age. J Family Med Prim Care 8(1):44–48
Reidenbach M et al (2019) Preconception care needs among female patients of childbearing age in an urban community pharmacy setting. J Am Pharm Assoc 59(4):S52–S56
Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod, 2004. 19(1): 41–7.
Albu, D. and A. Albu, The ratio of exogenous Luteinizing hormone to Follicle stimulating hormone administered for controlled ovarian stimulation is associated with oocytes’ number and competence. Bioscience Reports, 2020. 40(1).
Liu, Y., et al., Cell-free mitochondrial DNA in human follicular fluid: A promising bio-marker of blastocyst developmental potential in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2019. 17(1).
Drewnowski, A. and V.L. Fulgoni, New Nutrient Rich Food Nutrient Density Models That Include Nutrients and MyPlate Food Groups. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2020. 7(107).
Moolhuijsen LME, Visser JA (2020) Anti-Müllerian Hormone and ovarian reserve: update on assessing ovarian function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(11):3361–3373
Al Rashid K et al (2020) Association of the functional ovarian reserve with serum metabolomic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a cross-sectional study of ~ 400 women. BMC Med 18(1):247
Khedr NF (2017) Fish oil and wheat-germ oil supplementation restores ovarian function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 29(9):1689–1698
Sjaarda LA et al (2015) Dietary Carbohydrate intake does not impact insulin resistance or Androgens in healthy. Eumenorrheic Women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(8):2979–2986
Maldonado-Cárceles AB et al (2020) Dietary patterns and ovarian reserve among women attending a fertility clinic. Fertil Steril 114(3):610–617
Chiu YH, Chavarro JE, Souter I (2018) Diet and female fertility: doctor, what should I eat? Fertil Steril 110(4):560–569
Hohos NM et al (2018) Fat-1 transgene is associated with improved reproductive outcomes. Endocrinology 159(12):3981–3992
Collins GG, Rossi BV (2015) The impact of lifestyle modifications, diet, and vitamin supplementation on natural fertility. Fertil Res Pract 1(1):11
Acknowledgements
We appreciated all participated women and staff in the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital and also, the staff in the Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht for their best cooperation.
Funding
This study was financially supported by the Vice-Chancellorship of Research and Technology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. None of the funding bodies were involved in the research, writing, and publishing of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. RKM, ZZS, SHS, and SY conducted research. SD was involved in the analysis of the data. SEB and SD wrote the paper and prepared the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
No potential competing interests were declared by the authors.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran (Ethical code: IR.GUMS.REC.1398.375). All stages of this research have been performed according to the Helsinki declaration.
Consent to participate
All procedures of the study were explained clearly to the participants who had the eligible inclusion criterion. Moreover, all participants voluntarily filled out the written informed consent form before they join the study and they were free to decide whether or not to attend or withdraw at any time and for any reason without changing the medical care.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
KaboodMehri, R., Sorouri, Z.Z., Sharami, S.H. et al. The association between the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and dietary intake in Iranian women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 304, 687–694 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-021-06098-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-021-06098-4