Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Phenotypic profiling of keloid scars using FT-IR microspectroscopy reveals a unique spectral signature

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Dermatological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Keloid disease (KD) is a quasineoplastic fibroproliferative tumour of unknown origin causing a progressive, recurrent dermal lesion. KD is not homogeneous in nature and shows phenotypic structural differences between its distinct peripheral margins compared to its centre. The keloid margin is often symptomatically more active with increased dermal cellularity, compared to a symptomatically dormant and hypocellular centre of lesion. The aim of this study was to delineate the morphological components of a keloid scar tissue by measuring the differences between various anatomical locations within the keloid tissue, such as the margin and the centre of the lesion compared to its surrounding normal skin using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. FT-IR microspectroscopy is a technique that produces spectra with detailed molecular biochemical information inherent of the chemical structure. Chemical maps were constructed on extralesional cross sections taken from six keloid scars. H&E stained sections were used to confirm diagnosis of keloid and orientate the experimental cross sections prior to FT-IR. Spectral band assignment and principal components analysis were conducted. Distinct vibrational bands (100 spectra) were observed using FT-IR spectroscopy. Partial least squares discriminant analysis, with bootstrapping (10,000 analyses), identified whether a spectrum was from the keloid or normal tissue showing an average accuracy of 84.8%, precision of 80.4%, specificity of 76.2%, and sensitivity of 92.9%. FT-IR microspectroscopy showed significant differences in spectral profiles in keloid tissue in different anatomical locations within the cross section. We believe that this proof-of-concept study may help substantiate the use of FTIR spectroscopy in keloid diagnosis and prognosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bayat A, Arscott G, Ollier WER, Ferguson MWJ, Mc Grouther DA (2004) Description of site-specific morphology of keloid phenotypes in an Afrocaribbean population. Br J Plast Surg 57:122–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bayat A, McGrouther DA, Ferguson MWJ (2003) Skin scarring. Br Med J 326:88–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beausang E, Floyd H, Dunn KW, Orton CI, Ferguson MWJ (1998) A new quantitative scale for clinical scar assessment. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:1954–1961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Broadhurst D, Kell DB (2006) Statistical strategies for avoiding false discoveries in metabolomics and related experiments. Metabolomics 2:171–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Brown BC, McKenna SP, Siddhi K, McGrouther DA, Bayat A (2008) The hidden cost of skin scars: quality of life after skin scarring. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 61:1049–1058

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Brown JJ, Bayat A (2009) Genetic susceptibility to raised dermal scarring. Br J Dermatol 161:8–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Durani P, Bayat A (2008) Levels of evidence for the treatment of keloid disease. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 61:4–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ellis DI, Dunn WB, Griffin JL, Allwood JW, Goodacre R (2007) Metabolic fingerprinting as a diagnostic tool. Pharmacogenomics 8:1243–1266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ellis DI, Goodacre R (2006) Metabolic fingerprinting in disease diagnosis: biomedical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 131:875–885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Fabian H, Thi NAN, Eiden M, Lasch P, Schmitt J, Naumann D (2006) Diagnosing benign and malignant lesions in breast tissue sections by using IR-microspectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1758:874–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fernandez DC, Bhargava R, Hewitt SM, Levin IW (2005) Infrared spectroscopic imaging for histopathologic recognition. Nat Biotechnol 23:469–474

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Gouraund H (1971) Continuous shading of curved surfaces. IEEE Trans Comput C-20:623–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hollywood K, Brison DR, Goodacre R (2006) Metabolomics: current technologies and future trends. Proteomics 6:4716–4723

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jolliffe IT (1986) Principal component analysis. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lasch P, Haensch W, Naumann D, Diem M (2004) Imaging of colorectal adenocarcinoma using FT-IR microspectroscopy and cluster analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1688:176–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lewis EN, Treado PJ, Reeder RC, Story GM, Dowrey AE, Marcott C, Levin IW (1995) Fourier transform spectroscopic imaging using an infrared focal-plane array detector. Anal Chem 67:3377–3381

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Martens H, Naes T (1989) Multivariate calibration, 1st edn. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  18. Martens H, Nielsen JP, Engenlsen SB (2003) Light scattering and light absorbance separated by extended multiplicative signal correction. Application to near-infrared transmission analysis of powder mixtures. Anal Chem 75:394–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Patel SA, Currie F, Thakker N, Goodacre R (2008) Spatial metabolic fingerprinting using FT-IR spectroscopy: investigating abiotic stresses on Micrasterias hardyi. Analyst 133:1707–1713

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Seifert O, Mrowietz U (2009) Keloid scarring: bench and bedside. Arch Dermatol Res 301:259–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Shih B, Bayat A (2010) Genetics of keloid scarring. Arch Dermatol Res 302:319–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shih B, Garside E, McGrouther DA, Bayat A (2010) Molecular dissection of abnormal wound healing processes resulting in keloid disease. Wound Repair Regen 18:139–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sulé-Suso J, Skingsley D, Sockalingum GD, Kohler A, Kegelaer G, Manfait M, El Haj AJ (2005) FT-IR microspectroscopy as a tool to assess lung cancer cells response to chemotherapy. Vib Spectrosc 38:179–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tan KT, Shah N, Pritchard SA, McGrouther DA, Bayat A (2010) The influence of surgical excision margins on keloid prognosis. Ann Plast Surg 64:55–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Westerhuis JA, Hoefsloot HCJ, Smit S, Vis DJ, Smilde AK, van Velzen EJJ, van Duijnhoven JPM, van Dorsten FA (2008) Assessment of PLSDA cross validation. Metabolomics 4:81–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the support of the following organizations for this study: NIHR (UK). In addition we would like to specially thank the GAT Family Foundation, and Steve and Kathy Fitzpatrick for generous funding and support. K.A.H. thanks Stiefel Laboratories (U.K.) Ltd. for her studentship and R.G. is very thankful to UK BBSRC for funding.

Conflict of interest

The authors state no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK

    Marlies Maatje & Ardeshir Bayat

  2. Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK

    Duncan Angus McGrouther & Ardeshir Bayat

  3. School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK

    Katherine A. Hollywood, Iqbal T. Shadi & Royston Goodacre

  4. School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK

    Alex Henderson

Authors
  1. Katherine A. Hollywood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marlies Maatje
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Iqbal T. Shadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alex Henderson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Duncan Angus McGrouther
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Royston Goodacre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ardeshir Bayat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ardeshir Bayat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hollywood, K.A., Maatje, M., Shadi, I.T. et al. Phenotypic profiling of keloid scars using FT-IR microspectroscopy reveals a unique spectral signature. Arch Dermatol Res 302, 705–715 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-010-1071-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-010-1071-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation