Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of human mortality worldwide. One form of ischemic heart disease is ischemia–reperfusion injury caused by the reintroduction of blood supply to ischemic cardiac muscle. The short and long-term damage that occurs due to ischemia–reperfusion injury is partly due to the proteolysis of diverse protein substrates inside and outside of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia–reperfusion activates several diverse intracellular proteases, including, but not limited to, matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases. This review will focus on the biological roles, intracellular localization, proteolytic targets, and inhibitors of these proteases in cardiomyocytes following ischemia–reperfusion injury. Recognition of the intracellular function of each of these proteases includes defining their activation, proteolytic targets, and their inhibitors during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. This review is a step toward a better understanding of protease activation and involvement in ischemic heart disease and developing new therapeutic strategies for its treatment.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Antoine Dufour for helpful comments. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC RGPIN-2018-05881 to O.J.) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR FDN-143299 to R.S.).
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Conceptualization: RS and OJ; literature search: BH and WB; data analysis: BH and WB; draft preparation: BH and WB; revisions: BH, WB, OJ, and RS.
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Hartley, B., Bassiouni, W., Schulz, R. et al. The roles of intracellular proteolysis in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 118, 38 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-023-01007-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-023-01007-z