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Hematopoietic cytokines for cardiac repair: mobilization of bone marrow cells and beyond

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Abstract

Hematopoietic cytokines, traditionally known to influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and lineage commitment in the bone marrow, include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, Flt-3 ligand, and erythropoietin among others. Emerging evidence suggests that these cytokines also exert multifarious biological effects on diverse nonhematopoietic organs and tissues. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, numerous studies in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure indicate that hematopoietic cytokines confer potent cardiovascular benefits, possibly through mobilization and subsequent homing of bone marrow-derived cells into the infarcted heart with consequent induction of myocardial repair involving multifarious mechanisms. In addition, these cytokines are also known to exert direct cytoprotective effects. However, results from small-scale clinical trials of G-CSF therapy as a single agent after acute MI have been discordant and largely disappointing. It is likely that cardiac repair following cytokine therapy depends on a number of known and unknown variables, and further experimental and clinical studies are certainly warranted to accurately determine the true therapeutic potential of such therapy. In this review, we discuss the biological features of several key hematopoietic cytokines and present the basic and clinical evidence pertaining to cardiac repair with hematopoietic cytokine therapy.

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Acknowledgments

This publication was supported in part by NIH grants R01 HL-89939, and R21 HL-89737. We gratefully acknowledge Ms. Heather L. Jones for expert assistance with graphics design.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Rm. 1001 Eaton, MS 3006, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA

    Santosh K. Sanganalmath, Yu-Ting Xuan & Buddhadeb Dawn

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA

    Ahmed Abdel-Latif

  3. Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA

    Roberto Bolli

Authors
  1. Santosh K. Sanganalmath
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  2. Ahmed Abdel-Latif
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  3. Roberto Bolli
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  4. Yu-Ting Xuan
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  5. Buddhadeb Dawn
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Correspondence to Buddhadeb Dawn.

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Sanganalmath, S.K., Abdel-Latif, A., Bolli, R. et al. Hematopoietic cytokines for cardiac repair: mobilization of bone marrow cells and beyond. Basic Res Cardiol 106, 709–733 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0183-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0183-y

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