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Alterations in the antioxidant defense system in prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction

  • Original Contribution
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European Journal of Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The role of oxidative stress is well known in the pathogenesis of acquired malnutrition. Intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with an imbalance in oxidative stress/antioxidant system. Therefore, early postnatal environment and, consequently, extrauterine growth restriction might be associated with alterations in the antioxidant defense system, even in the prepubertal stage.

Methods

This is a descriptive, analytical, and observational case–control study. The study included two groups; 38 Caucasian prepubertal children born prematurely and with a history of extrauterine growth restriction as the case group, and 123 gender- and age-matched controls. Plasma exogenous antioxidant (retinol, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol) concentrations were measured by HPLC; antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were determined in lysed erythrocytes by spectrophotometric techniques.

Results

Catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly lower in extrauterine growth restriction children than in controls (P < 0.001). Lower plasma retinol concentrations were found in the case group (P = 0.029), while concentrations of β-carotene and α-tocopherol were higher (P < 0.001) in extrauterine growth restriction prepubertal children as compared with controls. After correction by gestational age, birth weight, and length, statistically significant differences were also found, except for retinol.

Conclusions

Prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction present alterations in their antioxidant defense system. Knowing these alterations may be important in establishing pharmacological and nutritional treatments as this situation might be associated with higher metabolic disorders in adulthood.

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Abbreviations

AMDR:

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CC:

Correlation coefficient

CGA:

Corrected gestational age

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CVD:

Cardiovascular diseases

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EUGR:

Extrauterine growth restriction

F:

Female

GA:

Gestational age

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GPOX:

Glutathione peroxidase

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model assessment

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

M:

Male

m:

Mean

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

N:

Number

NS:

Non-significant

P:

Percentile

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RDA:

Recommended dietary allowance

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

SD:

Standard deviation

SE:

Standard error

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

VC:

Variation coefficient

WC:

Waist circumference

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the 12th Prize for Nutrition Research, awarded by the Spanish Pediatric Association.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    M. Ortiz-Espejo, M. Gil-Campos & J. L. Pérez-Navero

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center of Biomedical Research, Lab 123, University of Granada, Armilla, Spain

    M. D. Mesa & C. E. García-Rodríguez

  3. Unit of Methodology in Investigation, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    M. C. Muñoz-Villanueva

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  1. M. Ortiz-Espejo
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Correspondence to J. L. Pérez-Navero.

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Ortiz-Espejo, M., Gil-Campos, M., Mesa, M.D. et al. Alterations in the antioxidant defense system in prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction. Eur J Nutr 53, 607–615 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0569-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0569-8

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