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Atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus

Vorhofflimmern nach Herzoperation bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus

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Clinical Research in Cardiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Postoperatives Vorhofflimmern (AF) ist eine häufige Komplikation nach Herzoperation und ist mit einer erhöhten Inzidenz mit anderen Komplikationen sowie mit einer verlängerten Krankenhausverweildauer verbunden. Daher ist die Verhinderung von AF ein wesentliches therapeutisches Ziel. In der Folge wurden viele randomisierte Studien zur Wirksamkeit pharmakologischer und nicht medikamentöser therapeutischer Strategien zur Verhinderung von postoperativem AF durchgeführt. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über bislang durchgeführte randomisierte Studien zu diesem Thema.

Methodik

Es wurde eine MEDLINE-Suche von klinisch relevanten, englisch sprachigen Publikationen zwischen 1966 und Juli 2005 durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Postoperatives AF ist mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität sowie längerem und kostenintensiverem Krankenhausaufenthalt verbunden. Die prophylaktische Gabe von β-Blockern reduziert die Inzidenz von postoperativem AF und sollte jedem Patienten ohne Kontraindikationen vor und nach der Herzoperation verordnet werden. Die prophylaktische Gabe von Amiodaron und atriale Überstimulation sollte bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko für postoperatives AF berücksichtigt werden. Für Patienten, die nach der Herzoperation AF entwickeln, sollte entweder eine Strategie zur Rhythmuskontrolle oder -stabilität ausgewählt werden. Bei Patienten, die hämodynamisch instabil oder hochsymptomatisch sind bzw. Kontraindikationen für eine Antikoagulation aufweisen, sollte eine externe elektrische Kardioversion mit oder ohne zusätzliche Gabe von Amiodaron bevorzugt werden. Die Behandlung der übrigen Patienten sollte sich an einer Rhythmuskontrolle ausrichten, weil viele der Patienten innerhalb von 6 Monaten nach Entlassung spontan in Sinusrhythmus konvertieren. Alle Patienten mit AF, welches länger als 24–48 Stunden anhält und die keine Kontraindikationen aufweisen, sollten eine adäquate Antikoagulation erhalten.

Zusammenfassung

AF ist eine häufige Komplikation nach Herzoperation. Viele Fälle können durch eine geeignete prophylaktische Therapie verhindert werden. Eine Behandlungsstrategie zur Rhythmusstabilität ist für symptomatische Patienten zu bevorzugen, für alle anderen Patienten ist in der Regel eine Rhythmuskontrolle ausreichend.

Summary

Background

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery and has been associated with increased incidence of other complications and increased hospital length of stay (LOS). Prevention of AF is a reasonable clinical goal, and, consequently, many randomized trials have evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for prevention of AF. To better understand the role of various prophylactic therapies against postoperative AF, a systematic review of evidence from randomized trials was performed.

Methods

MEDLINE search of English-language reports published between 1966 and July 2005 and a search of references of relevant papers were conducted. Clinical studies on AF after cardiac surgery were selected for this analysis. Relevant clinical information was extracted from selected articles.

Results

Postoperative AF is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and longer, more expensive hospital stays. Prophylactic use of β-adrenergic blockers reduces the incidence of postoperative AF and should be administered before and after cardiac surgery to all patients without contraindication. Prophylactic amiodarone and atrial overdrive pacing should be considered in patients at high risk for postoperative AF (for example, patients with previous AF or mitral valve surgery). For patients who develop AF after cardiac surgery, a strategy of rhythm management or rate management should be selected. For patients who are hemodynamically unstable or highly symptomatic or who have a contraindication to anticoagulation, rhythm management with electrical cardioversion, amiodarone, or both is preferred. Treatment of the remaining patients should focus on rate control because most will spontaneously revert to sinus rhythm within 6 weeks after discharge. All patients with AF persisting for more than 24 to 48 hours and without contraindication should receive anticoagulation.

Conclusions

AF frequently complicates cardiac surgery. Many cases can be prevented with appropriate prophylactic therapy. A strategy of rhythm management for symptomatic patients and rate management for all other patients usually results in reversion to sinus rhythm within 6 weeks of discharge.

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Jung, W., Meyerfeldt, U. & Birkemeyer, R. Atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Res Cardiol 95 (Suppl 1), i88–i97 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-006-1120-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-006-1120-1

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