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Performance ranking of multiple CORDEX-SEA sensitivity experiments: towards an optimum choice of physical schemes for RegCM over Southeast Asia

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Abstract

This study conducted and evaluated 44 experiments using the non-hydrostatic version of the regional climate model RegCM4 (RegCM4-NH) and an additional three experiments with RegCM version 5 (RegCM5) over Southeast Asia for the period 2010–2015. The initiative was part of the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment—Southeast Asia (CORDEX-SEA) project, in preparation for downscaling the latest coupled model intercomparison project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global climate models (GCMs). The RegCM4-NH experiments, forced by the ERA5 reanalysis, were configured using combinations of four cumulus, three planetary boundary layer (PBL), and three explicit moisture schemes. The spatiotemporal variability of simulated 2 m-temperature and rainfall for 2010–2015 was evaluated against observational datasets. The best experiments demonstrated reasonable reproduction of observed annual cycles and spatial distribution, while many exhibited unrealistic biases. A score ranking system was implemented to objectively compare the performance of experiments, enabling the identification of top-ranked experiments for Southeast Asia. The ensemble mean of the 44 RegCM4-NH experiments exhibited commendable performance, ranking 11th overall. Furthermore, the three additional RegCM5 experiments did not yield improved results compared to RegCM4-NH under the same physical configuration, suggesting that opting for RegCM4-NH would be a prudent choice for the CORDEX-SEA community in the forthcoming CMIP6 downscaling cycle for Southeast Asia.

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Data availability

The outputs from the sensitivity experiments conducted for this study and used for the analysis can be made available upon request.

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Funding

This work is supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant 105.06–2021.14. Additionally, we acknowledge the support from the “High-Definition Clean Energy, Climate and Weather Forecasts for the Philippines” project of the Manila Observatory, the Asia–Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) support for the CARE for SEA megacities project (CRRP2023-08MY-Cruz), as well as the Malaysia Government Fund (LRGS/1/2020/UKM/01/6).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. REMOSAT Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thanh Ngo-Duc & Tung Nguyen-Duy

  2. Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Tung Nguyen-Duy

  3. Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), Toulouse, France

    Quentin Desmet

  4. Academy For Water Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Long Trinh-Tuan

  5. Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Louis Ramu

  6. Manila Observatory (MO), Manila, Philippines

    Faye Cruz & Julie Mae Dado

  7. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Jing Xiang Chung

  8. VNU Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tan Phan-Van & Ha Pham-Thanh

  9. Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change (IMHEN), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Kien Truong-Ba

  10. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FAS), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tunku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam

    Fredolin T. Tangang

  11. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Fredolin T. Tangang & Liew Juneng

  12. Ramkhamhaeng University Center of Regional Climate Change and Renewable Energy (RU-CORE), Bangkok, Thailand

    Jerasorn Santisirisomboon & Ratchanan Srisawadwong

  13. Center for Research and Development, Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Donaldi Permana

  14. National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia

    Utoyo Ajie Linarka

  15. State College of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (STMKG), Banten, Indonesia

    Dodo Gunawan

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  1. Thanh Ngo-Duc
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the design and implementation of the sensitivity experiments. T. Ngo-Duc conceptualized the research and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Data collection and analysis were performed by T. Nguyen-Duy, Q. Desmet and L. Ramu. All authors read, commented, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Thanh Ngo-Duc.

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Ngo-Duc, T., Nguyen-Duy, T., Desmet, Q. et al. Performance ranking of multiple CORDEX-SEA sensitivity experiments: towards an optimum choice of physical schemes for RegCM over Southeast Asia. Clim Dyn 62, 8659–8673 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07353-5

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