Abstract
It is known that the wintertime North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is an important extratropical forcing for the occurrence of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in the subsequent winter via the “seasonal footprinting mechanism” (SFM). This study reveals that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can notably modulate the relationship between the winter NPO and the following winter ENSO. During the negative AMO phase, the winter NPO has significant impacts on the following winter ENSO via the SFM. In contrast, the influence of the winter NPO on ENSO is not robust at all during the positive AMO phase. Winter NPO-generated westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific during the following spring are much stronger during negative than positive AMO phases. It is suggested that the AMO impacts the winter NPO-induced equatorial westerly winds over the western Pacific via modulating the precipitation climatology over the tropical central Pacific and via modulating the connection of the winter NPO with spring sea surface temperature in the tropical North Atlantic.
摘 要
前人研究指出冬季北太平洋涛动 (NPO) 可以通过“季节脚印机制”影响下一年冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 事件的发生. 本文研究发现北大西洋海温多年代际振荡 (AMO) 对冬季 NPO 与下一年冬季 ENSO 之间的联系存在显著的调制作用. 在 AMO 的负位相, 冬季 NPO 可以通过“季节脚印机制”影响下一年冬季 ENSO 事件. 然而, 在 AMO 正位相, 冬季 NPO 对下一年冬季 ENSO 的影响很弱. 分析表明, 只有在 AMO 负位相冬季 NPO 才可以在随后春季激发出显著的热带西太平洋异常西风, 而热带西太平洋的异常西风是冬季 ENSO 事件发生的重要触发因子. 进一步分析结果表明, AMO 主要通过调制热带中太平洋降水气候态以及调制 NPO 与春季热带北大西洋海温的关系来影响季节脚印机制, 从而影响 NPO-ENSO 之间的联系.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which helped to improve the paper. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41605050, 41530425, 41775080, and 41605031) and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (Grant No. 2016QNRC001).
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Article Highlights
• The AMO has a pronounced modulation effect on the impact of the winter NPO on the following winter ENSO.
• A significant impact of the winter NPO on the following winter ENSO can only be observed during the negative AMO phase.
• The effect of the AMO on the NPO-ENSO relationship is through modulating the NPO-generated westerly winds over the tropical western Pacific.
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Chen, S., Song, L. & Chen, W. Interdecadal Modulation of AMO on the Winter North Pacific Oscillation-Following Winter ENSO Relationship. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 36, 1393–1403 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9090-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9090-1