Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that cardiorespiratory differences known to exist among adult sockeye salmon populations also exist in the juveniles. To test this hypothesis, we compared cardiac contractility and adrenergic responsiveness of juvenile sockeye salmon from two geographically isolated populations that were reared from eggs under common garden conditions and at two acclimation temperatures (5 °C and 14 °C). However, we found no substantive differences in the force-frequency response (FFR) and the cardiac pumping capacity of juveniles from Weaver Creek and Chilko River populations, even when we considered wild-reared juveniles from one of the populations. An unexpected discovery for all fish groups at 5 °C was a rather flat FFR during tonic β-adrenergic stimulation (βAR) stimulation. Curiously, while active tension nearly doubled with maximum βAR stimulation at low pacing frequencies for all fish groups, a negative FFR with maximum βAR stimulation meant that this inotropic benefit was lost at the highest pacing frequency (0.8 Hz). Active tension with tonic βAR stimulation was similar at 14 °C, but maximum pacing frequency doubled and all fish groups displayed a modest negative FFR. Maximum βAR stimulation again doubled active tension and this benefit was retained even at the highest pacing frequency (1.6 Hz) at 14 °C. Even though subtle population differences were apparent for the FFR and pumping capacity, their biological significance is unclear. What is clear, however, is that the cardiac pumping capacity of juvenile sockeye would benefit more from βAR stimulation swimming at 15 °C than when swimming at 5 °C.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank A. G. Lotto and N. B. Furey for assistance in the field, S. G. Hinch for logistical advice and support, and R. Brill for kindly providing a custom Matlab script and help with its use. Additional assistance in the laboratory by K. Aminov, N. Serbedzija, and H. Safi was greatly appreciated and we extend our gratitude to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Stock Assessment group at the Chilko field camp for the help they provided. Furthermore, we thank the Xeni Gwet’in First Nation for access to the study site and DFO for the field site accommodations.
Funding
Funding was provided by the Pacific Salmon Foundation, Canada Ocean Tracking Network [National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation] and in the form of NSERC Discovery Grants to A. P. Farrell. and S. G. Hinch. A. P. Farrell is supported by the Canada Research Chair (Tier I) program.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Adam Goulding. Adam Goulding and Anthony Farrell drafted and finalized the manuscript.
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Communicated by Bernd Pelster.
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Goulding, A.T., Farrell, A.P. The effect of temperature acclimation on the force-frequency relationship and adrenergic sensitivity of the ventricle of two populations of juvenile sockeye salmon. J Comp Physiol B 190, 717–730 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-020-01299-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-020-01299-w