Abstract
The gas entrainment into a non-vaporizing single-hole Diesel spray submitted to variable density is studied experimentally in order to better understand the effect on mixture formation. Particle Image Velocimetry on fluorescent tracers has been applied to obtain measurement in the flow field surrounding the spray. The “quasi-steady” region of the spray (far from the head vortex) as well as the non-stationary region has been investigated. Significant effects of both ambient density and nozzle diameter on gas entrainment have been pointed out.















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Abbreviations
- CCD:
-
Charge coupled device
- CF4:
-
Tetrafluoromethane
- FPIV:
-
Fluorescent particle image velocimetry
- NMT:
-
Normalized median residual test
- SNR:
-
Signal noise ratio
- E :
-
Energy (J)
- P :
-
Pressure (Pa)
- R :
-
Radial distance (m)
- Re p :
-
Particle Reynolds number
- U :
-
Velocity component (m s−1)
- U ⊥ :
-
Mean normal velocity component (m s−1)
- S :
-
Control surface
- |U|:
-
Module of velocity (m s−1)
- V R :
-
Relative velocity (m s−1)
- Z :
-
Axial distance (m)
- dasoi:
-
Delay after start of injection (s)
- d 0 :
-
Nozzle diameter (m)
- f :
-
Frequency (Hz)
- \( \dot{m}_{{{\text{e\_loc}}}} \) :
-
Local mass flow rate of entrained gas (kg s−1)
- \( \dot{m}_{0} \) :
-
Liquid mass flow rate (kg s−1)
- R :
-
Radius (m)
- τ p :
-
Droplets relaxation time (s)
- Δerror :
-
Relative error
- Δt laser :
-
Delay between two FPIV images (s)
- Δt flash :
-
Delay between two shadowgraphy images (s)
- Ω:
-
Control line
- αf :
-
Fuel volume fraction
- θ:
-
Cone spray angle (°)
- λ:
-
Wavelength (m)
- μ :
-
Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)
- ρ :
-
Density (kg m−3)
- τ :
-
Mixing rate
- c:
-
Cumulative
- e:
-
Entrained
- f:
-
Fuel
- g:
-
Gas
- inj:
-
Injected
- l:
-
Local
- r:
-
Radial
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Acknowledgments
Financial support from Renault SA is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank the contribution of P. Gastaldi, B. Argueyrolles to the research program and D. Passerel for mass flow measurements. The authors also like to thank L. Doradoux, J. Lauridsen and Delphi Diesel System for bench set-up and technical support.
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Sepret, V., Bazile, R., Marchal, M. et al. Effect of ambient density and orifice diameter on gas entrainment by a single-hole diesel spray. Exp Fluids 49, 1293–1305 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0869-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-010-0869-1