Literatur
Harbour R, Miller J (2001) A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines. BMJ 323:334–336
Fraser SG, Adams W (2009) Interventions for acute non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD1989
Hayreh SS (2005) Prevalent misconceptions about acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 24:493–519
Hayreh SS (2011) Acute retinal arterial occlusive disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 30:359–394
Duker JS, Sivalingam A, Brown GC, Reber R (1991) A prospective study of acute central retinal artery obstruction. The incidence of secondary ocular neovascularization. Arch Ophthalmol 109:339–342
Leavitt JA, Larson TA, Hodge DO, Gullerud RE (2011) The incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol 152:820–823.e2
Rumelt S, Dorenboim Y, Rehany U (1999) Aggressive systematic treatment for central retinal artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 128:733–738 (Erratum appears in Am J Ophthalmol 2000 Dec;130(6):908)
Rudkin AK, Lee AW, Chen CS (2009) Central retinal artery occlusion: timing and mode of presentation. Eur J Neurol 16:674–677
Karjalainen K (1971) Occlusion of the central retinal artery and retinal branch arterioles. A clinical, tonographic and fluorescein angiographic study of 175 patients. Acta Ophthalmol 109:1–96
Brown GC, Magargal LE (1982) Central retinal artery obstruction and visual acuity. Ophthalmology 89:14–19
Hayreh SS (2014) Ocular vascular occlusive disorders: natural history of visual outcome. Prog Retin Eye Res 41:1–25
Uhr JH, Mishra K, Wei C, Wu AY (2016) Awareness and knowledge of emergent ophthalmic disease among patients in an internal medicine clinic. JAMA Ophthalmol 134:424–431
Schmidt D, Schumacher M, Feltgen N (2009) Circadian incidence of non-inflammatory retinal artery occlusions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247:491–494
Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman MB (2009) Retinal artery occlusion: associated systemic and ophthalmic abnormalities. Ophthalmology 116:1928–1936
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2007) Fundus changes in central retinal artery occlusion. Retina 27:276–289
Wong TY, Klein R (2002) Retinal arteriolar emboli: epidemiology and risk of stroke. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 13:142–146
Naumann G (1997) Pathologie des Auges. In: Naumann G (Hrsg) Embryologie, Anatomie und Untersuchungstechnik, 2. Aufl. Bd. 1. Springer, Berlin
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2014) Amaurosis fugax in ocular vascular occlusive disorders: prevalence and pathogeneses. Retina 34:115–122
Petzold A, Islam N, Hu H‑H, Plant GT (2013) Embolic and nonembolic transient monocular visual field loss: a clinicopathologic review. Surv Ophthalmol 58:42–62
Terelak-Borys B, Skonieczna K, Grabska-Liberek I (2012) Ocular ischemic syndrome—a systematic review. Med Sci Monit 18:RA138–144
BVA (1998) Augenärztliche Basisdiagnostik bei Patienten ab dem 7. Lebensjahr
Ness T, Bley TA, Schmidt WA, Lamprecht P (2013) The diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteriitis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 110:376–385 (quiz 386)
Buttgereit F, Brabant T, Dinges H et al (2017) S3-Leitlinie zur Behandlung der Polymyalgia rheumatica (AWMF-Leitlinien-Register)
Kermani TA, Schmidt J, Crowson CS et al (2012) Utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‑reactive protein for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41:866–871
Gonzalez-Gay MA, Lopez-Diaz MJ, Barros S et al (2005) Giant cell arteritis: laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis in a series of 240 patients. Medicine 84:277–290
Brown GC, Magargal LE (1988) The ocular ischemic syndrome. Clinical, fluorescein angiographic and carotid angiographic features. Int Ophthalmol 11:239–251
Duker JS, Cohen MS, Brown GC, Sergott RC, McNamara JA (1990) Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein obstruction. Retina 10:105–112
Chen S‑N, Hwang J‑F, Chen Y‑T (2011) Macular thickness measurements in central retinal artery occlusion by optical coherence tomography. Retina 31:730–737
Ritter M, Sacu S, Deák GG et al (2012) In vivo identification of alteration of inner neurosensory layers in branch retinal artery occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 96:201–207
Schmidt D, Kube T, Feltgen N (2006) Central retinal artery occlusion: findings in optical coherence tomography and functional correlations. Eur J Med Res 11(6):250–252
Wenzel DA, Kromer R, Poli S et al (2021) Optical coherence tomography-based determination of ischaemia onset—the temporal dynamics of retinal thickness increase in acute central retinal artery occlusion. Acta Ophthalmol 99:e247–e252. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14563
Casagrande M, Kromer R, Wenzel DA et al (2021) Determination of ischemia onset based on automatically generated spectralis SD-OCT values in acute central retinal artery occlusion. J Ophthalmol 2021:5527292
Chu YK, Hong YT, Byeon SH, Kwon OW (2013) In vivo detection of acute ischemic damages in retinal arterial occlusion with optical coherence tomography: a „prominent middle limiting membrane sign“. Retina 33:2110–2117
Dotan G, Goldenberg D, Kesler A, Naftaliev E, Loewenstein A, Goldstein M (2014) The use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for differentiating long-standing central retinal artery occlusion and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 45:38–44
Brown GC, Magargal LE, Federman JL (1980) Ischaemia and neovascularization. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 100:377–380
Brown GC, Magargal LE, Simeone FA, Goldberg RE, Federman JL, Benson WE (1982) Arterial obstruction and ocular neovascularization. Ophthalmology 89:139–146
Duker JS, Brown GC (1988) Iris neovascularization associated with obstruction of the central retinal artery. Ophthalmology 95:1244–1250
Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman MB (2009) Branch retinal artery occlusion: natural history of visual outcome. Ophthalmology 116:1188–1194.e1‑4
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB (2005) Central retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome. Am J Ophthalmol 140:376–391
Schirmer JH, Aries PM, Balzer K et al (2020) S2k guidelines: management of large-vessel vasculitis. Z Rheumatol 79:67–95
Rim TH, Han J, Choi YS et al (2016) Retinal artery occlusion and the risk of stroke development: twelve-year nationwide cohort study. Stroke 47:376–382
Chang Y‑S, Jan R‑L, Weng S‑F et al (2012) Retinal artery occlusion and the 3‑year risk of stroke in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Am J Ophthalmol 154:645–652.e1
Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J et al (2016) One-year risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. N Engl J Med 374:1533–1542
Park SJ, Choi N‑K, Yang BR et al (2015) Risk and risk periods for stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmology 122:2336–2343.e2
Christiansen CB, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB et al (2018) Risk of incident atrial fibrillation in patients presenting with retinal artery or vein occlusion: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 18:91
Lavin P, Patrylo M, Hollar M, Espaillat KB, Kirshner H, Schrag M (2018) Stroke risk and risk factors in patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 196:96–100
Scoles D, McGeehan B, VanderBeek BL (2022) The association of stroke with central and branch retinal arterial occlusion. Eye (Lond) 36(4):835–843. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01546-6
Fallico M, Lotery AJ, Longo A et al (2020) Risk of acute stroke in patients with retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 34:683–689
Zhou Y, Zhu W, Wang C (2016) Relationship between retinal vascular occlusions and incident cerebrovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 95:e4075
Mir TA, Arham AZ, Fang W et al (2019) Acute vascular ischemic events in patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the United States: a nationwide study 2003–2014. Am J Ophthalmol 200:179–186
Biousse V, Nahab F, Newman NJ (2018) Management of acute retinal ischemia: follow the guidelines! Ophthalmology 125:1597–1607
Hoyer C, Kahlert C, Güney R, Schlichtenbrede F, Platten M, Szabo K (2021) Central retinal artery occlusion as a neuro-ophthalmological emergency: the need for raising public awareness. Eur J Neurol 28(6):2111–2114. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14735
Mac Grory B, Schrag M, Biousse V et al (2021) Management of central retinal artery occlusion: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Stroke 52:e282–94
Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST et al (2020) Retinal and ophthalmic artery occlusions preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology 127:P259–87
Callizo J, Feltgen N, Pantenburg S et al (2015) Cardiovascular risk factors in central retinal artery occlusion: results of a prospective and standardized medical examination. Ophthalmology 122:1881–1888
Leisser C, Kaufmann TA, Feltgen N, Schumacher M, Schmoor C, Meckel S (2015) Distribution of internal carotid artery plaque locations among patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the eagle study population. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253:1227–1230
Rudkin AK, Lee AW, Chen CS (2010) Vascular risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion. Eye (Lond) 24:678–681
Hayreh SS (1971) Pathogenesis of occlusion of the central retinal vessels. Am J Ophthalmol 72:998–1011
Schmidt D, Hetzel A, Geibel-Zehender A, Schulte-Monting J (2007) Systemic diseases in non-inflammatory branch and central retinal artery occlusion—an overview of 416 patients. Eur J Med Res 12:595–603
Pielen A, Pantenburg S, Schmoor C et al (2015) Predictors of prognosis and treatment outcome in central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis vs. conservative treatment. Neuroradiology 57:1055–1062
Kermani TA, Warrington KJ (2012) Recent advances in diagnostic strategies for giant cell arteritis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12:138–144
Hayreh SS, Kolder HE, Weingeist TA (1980) Central retinal artery occlusion and retinal tolerance time. Ophthalmology 87:75–78
Atebara NH, Brown GC, Cater J (1995) Efficacy of anterior chamber paracentesis and carbogen in treating acute nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmology 102:2029–2034 (discussion 2034–2035)
Augsburger JJ, Magargal LE (1980) Visual prognosis following treatment of acute central retinal artery obstruction. Br J Ophthalmol 64:913–917
Brown GC (1991) Retinal vascular diseases. J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol 10:71–75
Mason JO, Shah AA, Vail RS, Nixon PA, Ready EL, Kimble JA (2008) Branch retinal artery occlusion: visual prognosis. Am J Ophthalmol 146:455–457
Fraser S, Siriwardena D (2002) Interventions for acute non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD1989
Varma DD, Cugati S, Lee AW, Chen CS (2013) A review of central retinal artery occlusion: clinical presentation and management. Eye (Lond) 27:688–697
Pielen A, Junker B, Hansen L, Agostini H, Feltgen N (2010) Diagnostik und Therapie beim nicht arteriitischen Zentralarterienverschluss. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 227:712–720
Feltgen N, Schmidt D, Hansen L (2003) Arterielle retinale Verschlusse. Ophthalmologe 100:651–665 (quiz 666–7)
Hattenbach L‑O, Kuhli-Hattenbach C, Scharrer I, Baatz H (2008) Intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in central retinal artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 146:700–706
Schrag M, Youn T, Schindler J, Kirshner H, Greer D (2015) Intravenous fibrinolytic therapy in central retinal artery occlusion: a patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 72:1148–1154
Schultheiss M, Härtig F, Spitzer MS et al (2018) Intravenous thrombolysis in acute central retinal artery occlusion—a prospective interventional case series. PLoS ONE 13:e198114
Schultheiss M, Spitzer MS, Hattenbach L‑O, Poli S (2021) Update on intravenous lysis treatment : the REVISION trial. Ophthalmologe 118(11):1107–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-021-01467-5
Chen CS, Lee AW, Campbell B et al (2011) Efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in central retinal artery occlusion: report from a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 42:2229–2234
Schumacher M, Schmidt D, Jurklies B et al (2010) Central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment, a multicenter randomized trial. Ophthalmology 117:1367–1375.e1
Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Kimura A, Sanon A (2004) Central retinal artery occlusion. Retinal survival time. Exp Eye Res 78:723–736
Sandercock P, Gubitz G, Foley P, Counsell C (2003) Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD29
Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z, Diener H‑C, Norrving B, Mehta Z (2016) Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 388:365–375
Ringleb P, Hametner C, Köhrmann M et al (2021) Akuttherapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls (Se2-Leitlinie. AMWF RegNr. 030-046)
Fieß A, Cal O, Kehrein S, Halstenberg S, Frisch I, Steinhorst UH (2014) Anterior chamber paracentesis after central retinal artery occlusion: a tenable therapy? BMC Ophthalmol 14:28
Barbón-García JJ, Alvarez-Suárez ML (2007) Paracentesis and ocular massage as treatment ofcentral retinal artery occlusion. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 82:657–659
Mueller A, Neubauer A, Schaller U, Kampik A, European Assessment Group for Lysis in the Eye (2003) Evaluation of minimally invasive therapies and rationale for a prospective randomized trial to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis for clinically complete central retinal artery occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 121:1377–1381
Duxbury O, Bhogal P, Cloud G, Madigan J (2014) Successful treatment of central retinal artery thromboembolism with ocular massage and intravenous acetazolamide. BMJ Case Rep 2014:bcr2014207943. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-207943
Schmidt D (2000) Ocular massage in a case of central retinal artery occlusion the successful treatment of a hitherto undescribed type of embolism. Eur J Med Res 5:157–164
Hollenhorst RW (1961) Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 59:252–273
Hayreh SS (2007) Comment re: multicenter study of the European assessment group for lysis in the eye (EAGLE) for the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: design issues and implications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:464–466
Noble J, Weizblit N, Baerlocher MO, Eng KT (2008) Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol 92:588–593
Bertram B, Wolf S, Fisches H, Schulte K, Hoberg A, Reim M (1991) Thrombolytic treatment of retinal arterial occlusions with plasminogen activator. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 198:295–300
Feltgen N, Schmidt D, Schumacher M (2007) Response to comment: multicenter study of the European assessment group for lysis in the eye (EAGLE-group) for the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: design issues and implications. EAGLE study report no. 1. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 245:467–470
Feltgen N, Neubauer A, Jurklies B et al (2006) Multicenter study of the European assessment group for lysis in the eye (EAGLE) for the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: design issues and implications. EAGLE study report no. 1: EAGLE study report no. 1. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244:950–956
Beatty S, Au Eong KG (2000) Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute occlusion of the central retinal artery: a meta-analysis of the published data. Br J Ophthalmol 84:914–916
Hazin R, Dixon JA, Bhatti MT (2009) Thrombolytic therapy in central retinal artery occlusion: cutting edge therapy, standard of care therapy, or impractical therapy? Curr Opin Ophthalmol 20:210–218
Vallee JN, Aymard A, Paques M, Santiago PY, Gaudric A, Merland JJ (2001) Value of local ophthalmic artery fibrinolysis in severe forms of central retinal vein occlusion. J Radiol 82:137–144
von Mach M‑A, Güz A, Wiechelt J, Pfeiffer N, Weilemann LS (2005) Systemic fibrinolytic therapy using urokinase in central retinal artery occlusion. A case study. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 130:1002–1006
Deutsche Schlaganfall Gesellschaft (2015) Sekundärprophylaxe ischämischer Schlaganfall und transitorische ischämische Attacke (AWMF-Register Nr. 030-133)
Dumitrascu OM, Newman NJ, Biousse V (2020) Thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion in 2020: time is vision! J Neuroophthalmol 40:333–345
Huang L, Wang Y, Zhang R (2022) Intravenous thrombolysis in patients with central retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 269(4):1825–1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10838-6
Ochakovski GA, Wenzel DA, Spitzer MS et al (2020) Retinal oedema in central retinal artery occlusion develops as a function of time. Acta Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14375
Schmidt DP, Schulte-Mönting J, Schumacher M (2002) Prognosis of central retinal artery occlusion: local intraarterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1301–1307
Page PS, Cambon AC, James RF (2016) Visual improvement after intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion does not correlate with time to treatment. Interv Neurol 5:131–139
Kiesewetter H, Blume J, Jung F, Spitzer S, Wenzel E (1990) Haemodilution with medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage IIb. J Intern Med 227:107–114
Roth S (1992) The effects of isovolumic hemodilution on ocular blood flow. Exp Eye Res 55:59–63
Neely KA, Ernest JT, Goldstick TK, Linsenmeier RA, Moss J (1996) Isovolemic hemodilution increases retinal tissue oxygen tension. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 234:688–694
Rüfer F, Schröder A, Winter R, Erb C (2003) Analysis of risk factors and comparison of heparin and hemodilution therapies for retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmologe 100:819–824
Wiederholt M, Leonhardt H, Schmid-Schönbein H, Hager H (1980) Treatment of central retinal venous and arterial occlusion by isovolemic hemodilution (author’s transl). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 177:157–164
Wolf S, Hoberg A, Bertram B, Jung F, Kiesewetter H, Reim M (1989) Video fluorescein angiography follow-up of patients with retinal artery occlusion. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 195:154–160
Arend O, Hoberg A, Bertram B, Reim M, Wolf S (1991) Hemodilution in acute arterial circulatory disorders of the retina. Acta Med Austriaca 18:66–68
Hartog CS, Welte T, Schlattmann P, Reinhart K (2013) Fluid replacement with hydroxyethyl starch in critical care—a reassessment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 110:443–450
(2018) Hydroxyethylstärke(HES)-haltige Arzneimittel zur Infusion: Neue Maßnahmen zur Verstärkung der bestehenden Beschränkungen aufgrund eines erhöhten Risikos von Nierenfunktionsstörungen und tödlichen Verläufen bei kritisch kranken oder septischen Patienten
Diener H‑C, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al (2017) Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 1. Eur Heart J 38(12):852–859. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv643
Diener H‑C, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al (2017) Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 2. Eur Heart J 38(12):860–868. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw069
Diener H‑C, Kleinschnitz C (2016) Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in stroke patients: practical issues. J Stroke 18:138–145
Vestergaard N, Torp-Pedersen C, Vorum H, Aasbjerg K (2021) Risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death among patients with retinal artery occlusion and the effect of antithrombotic treatment. Transl Vis Sci Technol 10:2
Desola J, Amselem L (2016) Central retinal artery occlusion rational of the application of hyperbaric oxygenation. European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine, Lille, France
Karaman S, Ozkan B, Yazir Y et al (2016) Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen versus iloprost treatment in an experimental rat central retinal artery occlusion model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254:2209–2215
Hadanny A, Maliar A, Fishlev G et al (2017) Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to central retinal artery occlusion by hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Ophthalmol 11:115–125
Soares A, Gomes NL, Mendonça L, Ferreira C (2017) The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion. BMJ Case Rep 2017:bcr2017220113
Schmidt I, Walter P, Siekmann U et al (2020) Development of visual acuity under hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) in non arteritic retinal branch artery occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258(2):303–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-019-04568-9
Lopes AS, Basto R, Henriques S et al (2019) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in retinal arterial occlusion: epidemiology, clinical approach, and visual outcomes. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019:9765938
Celebi ARC (2021) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for central retinal artery occlusion: patient selection and perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 15:3443–3457
Rozenberg A, Hadad A, Peled A et al (2022) Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion retrospective comparative analysis from two tertiary medical centres. Eye (Lond) 36(6):1261–1265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01617-8
Cope A, Eggert JV, O’Brien E (2011) Retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Diving Hyperb Med 41:135–138
Menzel-Severing J, Siekmann U, Weinberger A, Roessler G, Walter P, Mazinani B (2012) Early hyperbaric oxygen treatment for nonarteritic central retinal artery obstruction. Am J Ophthalmol 153:454–459.e2
Aisenbrey S, Krott R, Heller R, Krauss D, Rössler G, Heimann K (2000) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmologe 97:461–467
Weiss JN (2009) Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of nonacute central retinal artery occlusion. Undersea Hyperb Med 36:401–405
Gaydar V, Ezrachi D, Dratviman-Storobinsky O, Hofstetter S, Avraham-Lubin BCR, Goldenberg-Cohen N (2011) Reduction of apoptosis in ischemic retinas of two mouse models using hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:7514–7522
Johnson DR, Cooper JS (2019) Retinal artery and vein occlusions successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 3:338–340
Christiansen CB, Lip GYH, Lamberts M, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB (2013) Retinal vein and artery occlusions: a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Haemost 11:1485–1492
Huang X, Yang Y, Duan Y, Kuang Y‑Q, Lin D (2017) Homocysteine in retinal artery occlusive disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep 7:15708
Romiti GF, Corica B, Borgi M et al (2020) Inherited and acquired thrombophilia in adults with retinal vascular occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 18:3249–3266
Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S et al (2020) 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 79:19–30
Redaktionskomitee
Prof. Dr. med. Nicolas Feltgen (federführend) DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Bernd Bertram (Koordinator) DOG, RG, BVA; Dr. med. Daniela Claessens (Leitlinienreport) DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Schuster (systematische Literaturrecherche) DOG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Hansjürgen Agostini DOG, RG; Prof. Dr. med. Lars-Olof Hattenbach DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Horst Helbig DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Hans Hoerauf DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Frank Holz DOG, RG, BVA; Angelika Ostrowski DBSV; Prof. Dr. med. Martin Spitzer DOG, RG, BVA; Prof. Dr. med. Focke Ziemssen DOG, RG, BVA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Consortia
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
Siehe Tab. 3 im Anhang
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
The supplement containing this article is not sponsored by industry.
Additional information
AWMF-Registernummer: 045-013, Leitlinien-Klasse: S2e
Versionsnummer: 2.0
Erstveröffentlichung: 11/2016
Letzte inhaltliche Bearbeitung: 03/2022
Nächste Überprüfung geplant: 03/2027
Das Redaktionskomitee dieser Stellungnahme wird am Beitragsende gelistet.

QR-Code scannen & Beitrag online lesen
Anhang
Anhang
Tabelle zur Erklärung von Interessen und Umgang mit Interessenkonflikten
Im Folgenden sind die Interessenerklärungen als tabellarische Zusammenfassung dargestellt sowie die Ergebnisse der Interessenkonfliktbewertung und Maßnahmen, die nach Diskussion der Sachverhalte von der LL-Gruppe beschlossen und im Rahmen der Konsensuskonferenz umgesetzt wurden (Tab. 3).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (DOG)., Retinologische Gesellschaft e. V. (RG). & Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V. (BVA). Retinale arterielle Verschlüsse (RAV). Ophthalmologie 120 (Suppl 1), 15–29 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-022-01780-7
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-022-01780-7