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Optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie als zukünftiges Diagnostikum in der Sportmedizin?

Optical coherence tomography angiography as a future diagnostic tool in sports medicine?

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Hochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) kann die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit sowohl bei gesunden Menschen als auch bei Patienten mit lebensstilinduzierten Erkrankungen effektiv verbessern. Ziel der Studie war zu prüfen, ob (I) die individuelle Leistungsfähigkeit und (II) eine HIIT-Intervention Auswirkungen auf optische Kohärenztomographie Angiographie(OCTA)-Messungen am Augenhintergrund von jungen gesunden Erwachsenen haben.

Methoden

Es absolvierten 65 gesunde Probanden einen standardisierten stufenförmigen Lauftest, um die individuelle Fitness zu erheben. Bestimmt wurde diese als Geschwindigkeit an der individuellen anaeroben Laktatschwelle und maximalen Laufgeschwindigkeit. Anschließend folgte ein 4‑wöchiges HIIT mit 2 Trainingseinheiten pro Woche. OCTA-Aufnahmen zur Messung der foveal avaskulären Zone (FAZ) sowie der Flussdichten in verschiedenen Segmentierungen an Makula und Sehnerv wurden in körperlicher Ruhe vor und nach HIIT durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigte sich eine inverse Korrelation zwischen individueller Fitness und FAZ-Größe. Weitere Korrelationen zwischen individueller Fitness und anderen gemessenen OCTA-Parametern ergaben sich nicht. Als Antwort auf das HIIT verringerten sich die mittlere FAZ-Größe im tiefen retinalen Plexus und die makuläre Flussdichte im superfiziellen retinalen Plexus um 14,00 ± 13,02 % bzw. um 1,26 ± 3,20 %. Die Flussdichte der peripapillären „nerve head layer“ zeigte einen Anstieg von 1,94 ± 2,39 %. Alle anderen Parameter zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Messungen vor und nach HIIT.

Diskussion

Es zeigten sich Unterschiede in OCTA-Messungen der FAZ in Abhängigkeit von der individuellen Leistungsfähigkeit. Durch HIIT lassen sich signifikante Veränderungen in einigen OCTA-Parametern induzieren. Daher scheint die OCTA eine vielversprechende Modalität im Bereich der Sportmedizin zu sein.

Abstract

Background

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) proved to be efficient for increasing health-related fitness in general and in patients with life style-induced chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate if (I) individual physical fitness and (II) a HIIT intervention affects optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements at the ocular fundus of healthy young adults.

Methods

A total of 65 healthy participants performed a standardized incremental running test to determine their physical fitness. This was defined as speed at the individual anaerobic threshold and maximum running speed followed by a 4-week HIIT with two exercise sessions/week. The OCTA measurements of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and flow densities in various segments of the macula and optic nerve head were performed at rest before and after HIIT.

Results

An inverse correlation between individual fitness and FAZ area was detected. No further correlations between individual physical fitness and other OCTA parameters were found. In response to HIIT the mean FAZ area in the deep retinal plexus and macular flow density of the superficial layer decreased by 14.00 ± 13.02% and 1.26 ± 3.20%, respectively. The flow density of the nerve head layer in the peripapillary area showed an increase of 1.94 ± 2.39%. All other parameters showed no differences between measurements before and after HIIT.

Conclusion

Differences were found in the OCTA measurements of the FAZ depending on the individual physical fitness. Performing HIIT can induce significant changes in certain OCTA parameters. Therefore, OCTA imaging appears to be a promising imaging modality in the field of sports medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Augenklinik Münster, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    Florian Alten FEBO, Pieter Nelis & Nicole Eter

  2. Institut für Sportmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland

    Boris Schmitz & Stefan-Martin Brand

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  1. Florian Alten FEBO
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  2. Pieter Nelis
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  3. Boris Schmitz
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  4. Stefan-Martin Brand
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  5. Nicole Eter
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Correspondence to Florian Alten FEBO.

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Interessenkonflikt

F. Alten, P. Nelis, B. Schmitz, S.-M. Brand und N. Eter geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Alten, F., Nelis, P., Schmitz, B. et al. Optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie als zukünftiges Diagnostikum in der Sportmedizin?. Ophthalmologe 116, 722–727 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-019-0897-z

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