Zusammenfassung
Kennzeichen einer supranukleären Augenbewegungsstörung ist die Funktionsstörung einer oder mehrerer Augenbewegungstypen bei gleichzeitigem Erhalt anderer Augenbewegungstypen. Jede Information für eine bestimmte Augenbewegung läuft über die Kerngebiete der Augenmuskelnerven. Ihnen vorgeschaltet sind umschriebene pränukleäre kortikale und subkortikale Hirnzentren, die je nach Augenbewegungstyp aktiviert werden. Die Kenntnis der für die Augenbewegung relevanten Hirnstrukturen erlaubt es, bei einer bestimmten supranukleären Augenbewegungsstörung den zugrunde liegenden Krankheitsprozess gleich zu erkennen bzw. das Krankheitsgeschehen in einer bestimmten anatomischen Region zu lokalisieren. Die gezielte Untersuchung von Augenbewegungen bildet so ein wichtiges klinisches Diagnostikum für viele neurologische und neuroophthalmologische Erkrankungen. Im 1. Teil des 2-teiligen Beitrags werden die unterschiedlichen Augenbewegungstypen, das Konzept der neuralen Integration sowie wichtige für horizontale Augenbewegungen pränukleäre Strukturen einschließlich deren Pathologie vorgestellt, während der im nächsten Heft erscheinende 2. Teil sich mit den Hirnstrukturen, die für vertikale Augenbewegungen relevant sind, und deren Pathologie beschäftigt.
Abstract
The hallmark of a supranuclear eye movement disorder is a functional impairment of one or several types of different eye movements while other types of eye movements still work. All eye movement information is conveyed via the nuclei of the eye muscle nerves. However, the information for a specific type of eye movement is generated in prenuclear cortical and subcortical areas which are activated depending on the type of eye movement performed. Knowledge about the anatomy of these areas enables us to make a clinical diagnosis or to localize the pathological process to a specific area in many neurological conditions. Examination of eye movements are thus a valuable clinical tool in many neurological and neuroophthalmological diseases. The first part of this two-part contribution presents the different types of eye movements, the concept of neural integration, and prenuclear structures important for horizontal eye movement as well as the pertinent pathology. The second part will appear in the next issue and deals with the cerebral structures that are relevant for vertical eye movements including their pathology.
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Steffen, H. Topodiagnostik supranukleärer Augenbewegungsstörungen. Ophthalmologe 103, 901–911 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-006-1420-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-006-1420-x
Schlüsselwörter
- Supranukleäre Augenbewegungsstörung
- Pränukleäre Zentren
- Klinische Diagnose
- Topodiagnostik
- Augenbewegungstypen